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. 2020 Nov 12;11:585356. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585356

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Copyright © 2020 Moody, Zhang, Arora, Kato, Cotten and Solt

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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D-amphetamine (3 mg/kg, IV) hastens the recovery time for behavioral endpoints correlating with return of consciousness after fentanyl (55 µg/kg, IV). (A) Time to first head movement. A two-way mixed factor ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis revealed that d-amphetamine decreased time to first head movement significantly in females (t (6) = 3.370, p = 0.0142) and males (t (10) = 3.892, p = 0.0060). (B) Time to the return of two paws to the ground. A two-way mixed factor ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis revealed that d-amphetamine significantly decreased time to two paws down in females (t (10) = 3.553, p = 0.0105) and males (t (10) = 3.761, p = 0.0074). (C) Time to return of righting. A two-way mixed factor ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis revealed that d-amphetamine significantly decreased time to ROR in females (t (10) = 3.191, p = 0.0193) and males (t (10) = 3.536, p = 0.0108). *p < 0.05, n = 12 rats.