Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Country | Included in analysis (N) | Period of recruitment | Age Mean (sd)/median (IQR) | Female (%) | Indextest, (treshold) | Reference standard, (treshold) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive impairment caused by delirium | |||||||
| Baten (2018) [44] | Germany | 288 | 2016 | 78 (74–82) | 55 | bCAM (test+) | DSM-V |
| Bédard (2019) [35] | Canada | 313 | 2016 | 76.8 (7.5) | 53 | O3DY (>0) | CAM |
| Fabbri (2001) [39] | Brazil | 100 | 1996–1997 | 73.8 (0.8) | 48 | CAM (test+) | DSM-IV |
| Gagné (2018) [36] | Canada | 313 | 2016 | 76.8 (7.5) | 52 | 4AT (≥4) | CAM |
| Grossmann (2017) [38] | Switzerland | 286 | 2015 | 79.9 (72.4–86.7) | 59 | mRASS (≠ 0) | DSM-IV-TR |
| Han (2013) [30] | USA | 406 | 2009–2012 | 73.5 (69–80) | 50 | DTS (test+) bCAM (test+) | DSM-IV-TR |
| Han (2014) [31] | USA | 406 | 2009–2012 | 73.5 (69–80) | 50 | CAM-ICU (test+) | DSM-IV-TR |
| Han (2015) [32] | USA | 406 | 2009–2012 | 73.5 (69–80) | 50 | RASS (≠ 0) | DSM-IV-TR |
| Han (2018) [33] | USA | 406 | 2009–2012 | 73.5 (69–80) | 50 | SQ patient SQ surrogate | DSM-IV-TR |
| Hasemann (2018) [45] | Switzerland | 286 | 2015 | 80.0 (72.2–86.8) | 59 | mCAM-ED (test+) | DSM-IV-TR |
| Hasemann (2019) [37] | Switzerland | 286 | 2015 | 80.0 (72.2–86,8) | 59 | MOYB (> 0 error) | DSM-IV-TR |
| Marra (2018) [34] | USA | 235 | 2010–2012 | 74 (69–79) | 46 | MOYB (> 0 error) | DSM-IV-TR |
| Meeberg (2016) [40] | Netherlands | 53 | 2012 | 78.5 (6.9) | 49 | CAM-ICU (test+) | DSM-IV-TR |
| Shenkin (2019) [52] | UK | 395 | 2015–2016 | 81 (77–86) | 56 | 4AT (≥4) CAM (test+) | DSM-IV |
| Cognitive impairment | |||||||
| Barbic (2018) [46] | Canada | 117 | 2016 | 81.9 (5.7) | 45 | O3DY (> 0 error) SBT (>4) | MMSE (≤ 23) |
| Carpenter (2011) [47] | USA | 163 | 2009–2010 | 78 (8) | 61 | O3DY (> 0 error) SBT (≥ 4) BAS (<26) cAD8 (≥2) | MMSE (≤ 23) |
| Carpenter (2011) [41] | USA | 319 | 2008–2009 | 76 (NA) | 58 | SIS (≥2) AD8 (≥ 2) | MMSE (≤ 23) |
| Dyer (2016) [48] | Ireland | 196 | 2014 | 78.5 (5.9) | 46 | AMT4 (> 0 error) | MMSE (≤ 26), CAM-ICU + |
| O’Sullivan (2017) [51] | Ireland | 419 | 2015 | 77 (NA) | 51 | 6-CIT (≥10) 4AT (1–3) | DSM-V |
| 6-CIT (≥10)4AT (≥4) | DSM-V | ||||||
| Schofield (2009) [49] | UK | 520 | 2007 | 77 (NA) | NA | AMT10 AMT4 | MMSE (≤ 23) |
| Wilber (2005) [42] | USA | 75 | 2003 | 75.4 (6.6) | 54 | SIS (≤ 4) Mini-Cog (test+) | MMSE (≤ 23) |
| Wilber (2008) [43] | USA | 352 | 2006–2007 | 77 (8) | 63 | SIS (≤ 4) | MMSE (≤ 23) |
| Wilding (2016) [50] | Canada | 238 | 2010 | 81.9 (NA) | 60 | O3DY (≤ 3) AFT (<15) | MMSE (≤ 24) |
NA: not available; bCAM: brief Confusion Assessment Method; DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; O3DY: Ottawa 3DY; CAM: Confusion Assessment Method; 4AT: 4 A’s Test; mRASS: modified Richmond Sedation Scale, DTS: Delirium Triage Screen; CAM-ICU: CAM-Intensive Care Unit; RASS: Richmond Sedation Scale; SQ: single question for delirium screen; mCAM-ED: modified CAM-Emergency Department; MOYB: Months Of the Year Backwards; SBT: Short Blessed Test; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; BAS: Brief Alzheimer’s Screen; cAD8: caregiver Ascertain Dementia 8-item Questionnaire; SIS: Six-item Screener; AMT: Abbreviated Mental Test; TR: Text Revision;; AFT: Animal Fluency Test; 6-CIT: 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test.