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. 2020 Dec 23;11:605671. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.605671

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Copyright © 2020 Oh, Yang, Liu, Jana, Izaddoustdar, Gao, Debi, Kim, Kim, Yang, Kassiri, Lakin and Backx.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Intense exercise-induced adverse atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF) vulnerability. (A) 6 week swim exercise training is associated with increased atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility, with no evidence of left ventricular (LV) arrhythmia vulnerability, compared to sedentary mice. (B,C) Swim exercise was associated with increased inflammatory cell infiltration (macrophage, Mac-3+) compared to sedentary mice. (D,E) Increased fibrosis (%tissue collagen) was observed in the left atrial appendage (LAA) with 6 week swim exercise compared to sedentary mice, with no elevations in fibrosis observed in the LV. Data presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05.