Table 2.
Meal induced glucose and hormone responses in post-RYGB patients according to MMTT glycemic response (Hypo and NoHypo).
| MMTT result | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypo | NoHypo | p value | |
| N (% of total) | 11 (47.83) | 12 (52.17%) | NA |
| Glucose | |||
| Fasting (mmol/l) | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 0.324 |
| iAUC0’-120’ (mmol/l x min) | 223.5 ± 13.2 | 263.7 ± 27.5 | 0.214 |
| Peak (mmol/l) | 8.5 ± 0.3 | 9.6 ± 0.4 | 0.049 |
| Nadir (mmol/l) | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| MMGR | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Total AA | |||
| Fasting (µmol/l) | 1394 ± 151.7 | 1396 ± 141.5 | 0.992 |
| iAUC0’-120’ (µmol/l x min) | 92400 ± 16433 | 95334 ± 12932 | 0.889 |
| Insulin | |||
| Fasting (pmol/l) | 40.9 (29.4–45.7) | 32.8 (27.2–52.9) | 0.576 |
| iAUC0’-120’ (nmol/l x min) | 99.1 (60.8–113.8) | 45.4 (37.4–53.6) | 0.019 |
| IGI | 44.4 (32.8–54.6) | 24.9 (16.6–36.2) | 0.007 |
| OGIS [ml/(min x m2)] | 395.9 (380.3–448.1) | 401.6 (376.6–424.2) | 0.695 |
| Disposition Index | 17646.2 ± 1385.6 | 10848.6 ± 1630.5 | 0.005 |
| C-peptide | |||
| Fasting (pmol/l) | 492.3 (435.5–602.9) | 505.0 (375.1–544.8) | 0.910 |
| iAUC0’-120’ (nmol/l x min) | 235.7 ± 17.2 | 168.4 ± 15.3 | 0.008 |
| ISR | |||
| Fasting [pmol/(kg.min)] | 1.7 (1.5–2.0) | 1.6 (1.3–1.8) | 0.518 |
| iAUC0’-120’ (pmol/kg) | 1016 ± 67.3 | 694.2 ± 60.3 | 0.002 |
| ISRiAUC/GlucoseiAUC | 323.5 ± 23.7 | 226.3 ± 34.8 | 0.034 |
| Insulin Clearance | |||
| Fasting | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 0.369 |
| Postprandial0’-120’ | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.079 |
| Glucagon | |||
| Fasting (pmol/l) | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 6.3 ± 0.8 | 0.695 |
| iAUC0’-120’ (pmol/l x min) | 869.3 ± 121.3 | 758.3 ± 124.8 | 0.532 |
| GLP-1 | |||
| Fasting (pmol/l) | 21.1 ± 2.5 | 14.8 ± 2.4 | 0.080 |
| iAUC0’-120’ (pmol/l x min) | 7717 ± 958.1 | 6558 ± 725.3 | 0.341 |
| GIP | |||
| Fasting (pmol/l) | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 6.0 (2.6–9.0) | 0.384 |
| iAUC0’-120’ (pmol/l x min) | 4298 (3353–5689) | 3683 (2607–5665) | 0.339 |
| Neurotensin | |||
| Fasting (pmol/l) | 20.0 (18.0–24.0) | 20.0 (20.0–27.0) | 0.653 |
| iAUC0’-120’ (pmol/l x min) | 13440 (8940–20100) | 12765 (10774–18764) | 0.833 |
Results are presented as mean ± SEM or median (interquartile range). Statistically significant differences (p value <0.05) are highlighted in bold. MMTT, mixed-meal tolerance test; Hypo, individuals developing a glucose nadir <3.05 mmol/l during the MMTT; NoHypo, subjects with glucose levels ≥3.05 mmol/l during MMTT; MMGR, minimum-to-maximum glucose ratio; Total AA, total amino acids; IGI, insulinogenic index; OGIS, oral glucose insulin sensitivity; iAUC, postprandial incremental AUC; ISR, insulin secretion rate; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1.