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. 2020 Dec 14;8:603598. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.603598

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Copyright © 2020 Li, Stöckl, Lukas, Götz, Herrmann, Federlin and Grässel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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hBMSC-EV effect on gene expression of anabolic and catabolic genes. (A–F) After 24 h treatment with IL-1β and/or hBMSC-EVs, gene expression levels of COL2A1, SOX9, PRG4, ACAN, BCL2, and COMP (anabolic) and COLX, IL1B, MMP13, and ALPL (catabolic) were determined using real-time PCR analysis (G–J). All values represent mean ± standard deviation. *Significant difference to control (OA-CH): *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ^#significant difference between groups: ^#p < 0.05; ^##p < 0.01; ^###p < 0.001. One-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls Multiple Comparison Test (n = 4–6); EVs: hBMSC-EVs.