Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| References | Patients no. | Ages (years) | Type of stroke | Outcome measures (MMSE/MoCA) | Therapy duration (wk) | Intervation | Source of diagnostic criteria for cerebral vascular diseases | Source of diagnostic criteria for PSCI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Control | Treatment | Control | Treatment | Control | ||||||
| Sun (2017) | 30 | 28 | 60.63 ± 8.273 | 61.29 ± 7.693 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE and MoCA | 6 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | DSM-IV |
| Shao (2016) | 28 | 28 | 63 ± 5 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 12 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | CECS, Chinese expert consensus standards | DSM-IV | |
| Liu et al. (2015a) | 32 | 30 | 51.97 ± 9.11 | 51.30 ± 10.57 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MoCA | 4 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | CECS, Chinese expert consensus standards | MoCA |
| Cai et al. (2016) | 52 | 49 | 57.75 ± 13.74 | 56.18 ± 11.86 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE and MoCA | 12 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | CECS, Chinese expert consensus standards | MMSE |
| Zeng et al. (2015) | 50 | 50 | 66 ± 12 | 68 ± 10 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MoCA | 4/8 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | MoCA |
| Wang (2014) | 33 | 31 | 66.4 ± 3.0 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 3 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + xingnaojing | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | Not shown | |
| Lu (2014) | 30 | 30 | 63.27 ± 11.88 | 63.90 ± 8.48 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MoCA | 4 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | CECS, Chinese expert consensus standards | MoCA |
| Zhai (2012) | 55 | 55 | 59.2 | Ischemic stroke | MMSE | 12 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | Not shown | |
| Bai et al. (2012) | 30 | 30 | 60 ± 6 | 60 ± 6 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 4 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + piracetam | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | CCSE |
| Li et al. (2012) | 48 | 46 | 68.29 ± 8.22 | 69.22 ± 7.88 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 12 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + nimodipine | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | MMSE |
| Yang (2011) | 20 | 20 | 59.00 ± 8.46 | 59.30 ± 8.42 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 8 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | MMSE |
| Sun and Wu (2011) | 36 | 36 | 63.6 ± 5.8 | 64.1 ± 5.5 | Ischemic stroke | MMSE | 4 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + aricept | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | MMSE |
| Kang (2011) | 24 | 24 | 60.67 ± 6.93 | 62.71 ± 5.34 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 8 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | MMSE |
| Jiang (2011) | 20 | 20 | 62.85 ± 5.67 | 61.75 ± 6.35 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 8 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | CCSE |
| Jia and Meng (2011) | 50 | 50 | 65 ± 2 | 58 ± 3 | Ischemic stroke | MoCA | 12 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation + nimodipine | CECS, Chinese expert consensus standards | Diagnosis criteria shown in reference (Jia, 2004) |
| Lin et al. (2010) | 30 | 30 | 63 ± 17 | 56 ± 13 | Ischemic stroke | MMSE | 3 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + xingnaojing | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | MMSE |
| Huang et al. (2008) | 40 | 40 | 59.22 ± 10.6 | 61.05 ± 9.68 | Ischemic stroke | MMSE | 4 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + xingnaojing | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | CECVCI |
| Shi and Wei (2019) | 55 | 55 | 60.31 ± 2.73 | 60.24 ± 2.65 | Stroke | MMSE | 4 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | Not shown | Not shown |
| Zhou J. et al. (2019) | 60 | 60 | 61.44 ± 8.77 | 62.04 ± 8.69 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE and MoCA | 4 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | CECS, Chinese expert consensus standards | DSM |
| Feng (2013) | 40 | 40 | 51.65 ± 12.47 | 52.13 ± 12.77 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE and MoCA | 4 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | DSM-IV |
| Wang et al. (2019) | 59 | 59 | 68.88 ± 3.64 | 67.71 ± 3.02 | Ischemic stroke | MMSE | 4 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + Atorvastatin | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | There are symptoms such as memory loss |
| Li et al. (2019) | 40 | 40 | 66.9 ± 5.9 | 67.4 ± 6.1 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE and MoCA | 6/12 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment+ Donepezil | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | DSM-IV-R |
| Zhang et al. (2017) | 42 | 42 | 62.28 ± 10.68 | 63.07 ± 10.59 | Stroke | MMSE | 4 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation + Atorvastatin | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | There are symptoms such as memory loss |
| Wang H. et al. (2017) | 30 | 30 | 53.27 ± 11.62 | 56.73 ± 9.31 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 8 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | DSM-IV |
| Zhou H. et al. (2019) | 40 | 40 | 61.5 ± 5.7 | 61.5 ± 4.4 | Ischemic stroke | MMSE and MoCA | 6 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation + Perindopril | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | Not shown |
| Wang Z. et al. (2017) | 30 | 30 | 61.13 ± 11.42 | 60.06 ± 11.17 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE and MoCA | 8 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | DSM-IV-R |
| Wang et al. (2019) | 78 | 78 | 69.04 ± 3.48 | 68.92 ± 3.65 | stroke | MMSE | 4 | acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + Tongluofuzheng decoction | Not shown | Not shown |
| Wang and Li (2018) | 64 | 64 | 71.42 ± 8.67 | 69.33 ± 7.56 | Ischemic stroke | MMSE and MoCA | 6/10 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation + nimodipine | CECS, Chinese expert consensus standards | Diagnosis criteria shown in reference (Zhang and Wang, 2004) |
| Yang (2014) | 40 | 40 | 61.7 ± 4.8 | Stroke | MMSE | 3 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + xingnaojing | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | Not shown | |
| Ma et al. (2018) | 30 | 30 | 60.97 ± 7.15 | 60.17 ± 6.56 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 2/4 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + Oxiracetam + hyperbaric oxygen therapy | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | MMSE |
| Jia and Lv (2018) | 40 | 39 | 58.33 ± 11.13 | 57.45 ± 12.37 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 4 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + Huoxuetongluo decoction | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | CCSE |
| Liu (2017) | 32 | 32 | 56.9 ± 10.3 | 56.4 ± 10.1 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 2 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | Not shown |
| Liu et al. (2015b) | 19 | 16 | 52.42 ± 7.62 | 51.06 ± 11.62 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE and MoCA | 4 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | CECS, Chinese expert consensus standards | MMSE |
| Sun et al. (2013) | 60 | 60 | 62.50 ± 4.52 | 63.01 ± 4.67 | Ischemic stroke | MMSE | 4 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation + nimodipine | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | MMSE |
| Liu and Feng (2013) | 25 | 25 | 53.40 ± 8.48 | Ischemic stroke or hemorrhage | MMSE | 4 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | DSM-IV-R | |
| Wang et al. (2014) | 30 | 30 | 45~80 | Ischemic stroke | MoCA | 12 | Acupuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + nimodipine | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT or MRI | Not shown | |
| Li and Zhang (2008) | 20 | 20 | 58~76 | Ischemic stroke | MMSE | 4 | Electropuncture+ control treatment | Conventional treatment + rehabilitation | FNACCVD confirmed by head CT | Not shown | |
MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; FNACCVD, Fourth National Academic Conference of Cerebral Vascular Diseases; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; DSM-IV,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(the fourth edition); DSM-IV-R, DSM-IV-Revised edition; CECS, Chinese expert consensus standards, proposed in 2005 for the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction; CCSE, Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination; CECVCI, Chinese Expert consensus on vascular cognitive impairment 2007.