Figure 1.

Vi-specific plasmablasts and memory B cells are increased after conjugate or polysaccharide vaccination. (A) The number of IgG or IgM Vi-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) (B) or memory B cells expressed as specific cell / 10⁶ cells was measured by ELISpot. Results for recipients of the Vi-TT vaccine are shown in the top row and for recipients of Vi-PS in the bottom row. Significance was determined by a Wilcoxons signed paired rank test (two-tailed). **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, ns, not significant. In some cases, there were no differences in ranks between two comparisons, in this case no results are indicated in the figure. The mean frequency for each group and 95% confidence intervals are plotted. D0, Day 0, day of vaccination; D7, 7 days after vaccination; D28, 28 days after vaccination; CyTOF, Cytometry Time of Flight; Vi-PS, Vi-polysaccharide vaccine; Vi-TT, Vi-tetanus conjugate vaccine; TT, Tetanus.Group sizes: Ex-vivo ASC Vi-TT: n = 39 Ex-vivo ASC Vi-PS: n = 35 Memory B-cells, Vi-TT: n = 30 Memory B-cells, Vi-PS: n = 29.