Table 1.
Descriptive and summary statistics for the sample of children with neurodevelopmental copy number variants. Variables described are A) family background, B) demographics, C) Cognition, D) Developmental Behaviour Checklist scores and E) Health related variables.
| 15q11.2 deletion (N = 36) | 15q13.3 deletion (N = 20) | 15q13.3 duplication (N = 10) | 16p11.2 deletion (N = 52) | 16p11.2 distal deletion (N = 13) | 16p11.2 duplication (N = 23) | 1q21.1 deletion (N = 16) | 1q21.1 duplication (N = 21) | 22q11.2 deletion (N = 70) | 22q11.2 duplication (N = 23) | Kleefstra syndrome (N = 12) | NRXN1 (N = 16) | TAR duplication (N = 10) | Total (N = 322) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Family background | ||||||||||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Low (O-levels, GCSE's) | 8 (22.2%) | 7 (35.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | 18 (34.6%) | 6 (46.2%) | 4 (18.2%) | 3 (18.8%) | 5 (23.8%) | 14 (20.3%) | 3 (13.6%) | 2 (16.7%) | 7 (43.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 79 (24.8%) |
| Middle (A-level's, Highers, vocational training) | 14 (38.9%) | 5 (25.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | 17 (32.7%) | 4 (30.8%) | 8 (36.4%) | 6 (37.5%) | 12 (57.1%) | 31 (44.9%) | 10 (45.5%) | 5 (41.7%) | 4 (25.0%) | 6 (60.0%) | 127 (39.8%) |
| High (University/ postgraduate degree) | 9 (25.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | 3 (30.0%) | 12 (23.1%) | 3 (23.1%) | 7 (31.8%) | 4 (25.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | 20 (29.0%) | 7 (31.8%) | 5 (41.7%) | 5 (31.2%) | 2 (20.0%) | 86 (27.0%) |
| No School Leaving Exams | 5 (13.9%) | 1 (5.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (9.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (13.6%) | 3 (18.8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 4 (5.8%) | 2 (9.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | 27 (8.5%) |
| Approximate family income | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 35 |
| < = £ 19 999 | 9 (28.1%) | 4 (21.1%) | 4 (44.4%) | 14 (33.3%) | 3 (25.0%) | 10 (50.0%) | 5 (35.7%) | 12 (60.0%) | 14 (22.2%) | 8 (38.1%) | 5 (45.5%) | 3 (21.4%) | 4 (40.0%) | 95 (33.1%) |
| £ 20 000 - £ 39 999 | 11 (34.4%) | 7 (36.8%) | 2 (22.2%) | 15 (35.7%) | 6 (50.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | 8 (57.1%) | 3 (15.0%) | 14 (22.2%) | 5 (23.8%) | 1 (9.1%) | 9 (64.3%) | 6 (60.0%) | 94 (32.8%) |
| £ 40 000 - £ 59 999 | 9 (28.1%) | 3 (15.8%) | 3 (33.3%) | 10 (23.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (15.0%) | 16 (25.4%) | 6 (28.6%) | 2 (18.2%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 57 (19.9%) |
| £ 60 000 + | 3 (9.4%) | 5 (26.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (7.1%) | 2 (16.7%) | 1 (5.0%) | 1 (7.1%) | 2 (10.0%) | 19 (30.2%) | 2 (9.5%) | 3 (27.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 41 (14.3%) |
| (B) Demographics of child participants | ||||||||||||||
| Child ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| European | 33 (91.7%) | 18 (90.0%) | 9 (100.0%) | 48 (92.3%) | 13 (100.0%) | 21 (91.3%) | 15 (93.8%) | 21 (100.0%) | 64 (91.4%) | 20 (90.9%) | 11 (91.7%) | 16 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 299 (93.4%) |
| Other | 3 (8.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 1 (6.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (8.6%) | 2 (9.1%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 21 (6.6%) |
| Age of child participants | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mean (s.d.) | 9.495 (3.018) | 9.747 (3.123) | 9.010 (2.840) | 9.826 (3.256) | 10.022 (3.298) | 10.576 (3.480) | 9.664 (2.781) | 9.233 (3.377) | 9.891 (2.863) | 9.761 (3.240) | 12.191 (3.911) | 8.892 (2.773) | 8.831 (2.590) | 9.794 (3.119) |
| Range | 6.022–16.380 | 6.169–15.419 | 6.413–15.186 | 6.068–17.477 | 6.135–16.750 | 6.197–17.280 | 6.079–15.829 | 6.016–17.060 | 6.019–17.905 | 6.297–16.480 | 6.255–17.577 | 6.160–15.667 | 6.594–14.092 | 6.016–17.905 |
| Gender of child participants | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Female | 8 (22.2%) | 3 (15.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | 19 (36.5%) | 4 (30.8%) | 9 (39.1%) | 6 (37.5%) | 11 (52.4%) | 27 (38.6%) | 6 (26.1%) | 7 (58.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | 4 (40.0%) | 108 (33.5%) |
| Male | 28 (77.8%) | 17 (85.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | 33 (63.5%) | 9 (69.2%) | 14 (60.9%) | 10 (62.5%) | 10 (47.6%) | 43 (61.4%) | 17 (73.9%) | 5 (41.7%) | 14 (87.5%) | 6 (60.0%) | 214 (66.5%) |
| ND-CNV Inheritance status | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 19 (52.8%) | 12 (60.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | 36 (69.2%) | 11 (84.6%) | 17 (73.9%) | 10 (62.5%) | 14 (66.7%) | 14 (20.0%) | 12 (52.2%) | 8 (66.7%) | 9 (56.2%) | 6 (60.0%) | 173 (53.7%) |
| De Novo | 1 (2.8%) | 1 (5.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 12 (23.1%) | 2 (15.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | 51 (72.9%) | 1 (4.3%) | 4 (33.3%) | 4 (25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 79 (24.5%) |
| Inherited | 16 (44.4%) | 7 (35.0%) | 4 (40.0%) | 4 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (21.7%) | 6 (37.5%) | 6 (28.6%) | 5 (7.1%) | 10 (43.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (18.8%) | 4 (40.0%) | 70 (21.7%) |
| (C) Cognition | ||||||||||||||
| Full-scale IQ | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 8 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 41 |
| Mean (s.d.) | 80.964 (11.983) | 73.389 (12.971) | 91.667 (19.545) | 76.542 (11.265) | 81.667 (12.666) | 79.381 (12.742) | 78.200 (11.143) | 86.286 (17.559) | 74.902 (10.957) | 86.476 (17.102) | 60.143 (13.031) | 80.417 (16.665) | 82.000 (13.586) | 78.811 (14.077) |
| Range | 53.000–103.000 | 55.000–102.000 | 55.000–116.000 | 56.000–116.000 | 60.000–103.000 | 53.000–101.000 | 63.000–105.000 | 53.000–128.000 | 54.000–100.000 | 56.000–114.000 | 50.000–80.000 | 65.000–127.000 | 66.000–107.000 | 50.000–128.000 |
| Performance IQ | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 36 |
| Mean (s.d.) | 87.600 (13.992) | 77.889 (12.778) | 96.889 (18.537) | 84.796 (11.923) | 82.000 (11.878) | 82.000 (10.950) | 80.200 (9.221) | 90.810 (16.482) | 76.774 (10.659) | 90.524 (20.707) | 62.889 (12.036) | 85.636 (17.408) | 87.000 (14.031) | 83.000 (14.695) |
| Range | 57.000–124.000 | 56.000–106.000 | 62.000–115.000 | 63.000–119.000 | 64.000–104.000 | 58.000–102.000 | 69.000–103.000 | 58.000–126.000 | 57.000–106.000 | 57.000–127.000 | 53.000–84.000 | 69.000–132.000 | 72.000–111.000 | 53.000–132.000 |
| Verbal IQ | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 7 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 38 |
| Mean (s.d.) | 77.586 (11.425) | 72.789 (12.809) | 87.778 (17.448) | 72.375 (12.006) | 84.250 (12.664) | 80.429 (17.066) | 80.800 (15.599) | 84.238 (17.490) | 77.098 (12.416) | 84.905 (13.707) | 61.857 (11.725) | 77.615 (15.441) | 80.250 (13.833) | 77.986 (14.354) |
| Range | 55.000–103.000 | 55.000–101.000 | 55.000–113.000 | 55.000–110.000 | 63.000–101.000 | 55.000–107.000 | 60.000–120.000 | 55.000–123.000 | 55.000–100.000 | 62.000–112.000 | 55.000–80.000 | 58.000–117.000 | 64.000–101.000 | 55.000–123.000 |
| (D) Developmental behaviour checklist | ||||||||||||||
| Total behavioural problems score | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mean (s.d.) | 80.111 (29.871) | 71.300 (26.160) | 72.400 (41.762) | 51.115 (24.463) | 67.846 (26.655) | 78.087 (27.624) | 72.625 (31.256) | 69.952 (21.388) | 44.286 (26.107) | 64.652 (32.109) | 67.500 (21.000) | 71.750 (19.485) | 56.300 (28.414) | 62.450 (29.622) |
| Range | 16.000–130.000 | 27.000–125.000 | 17.000–139.000 | 2.000–102.000 | 34.000–108.000 | 17.000–121.000 | 13.000–157.000 | 19.000–108.000 | 4.000–115.000 | 10.000–121.000 | 31.000–99.000 | 32.000–105.000 | 9.000–94.000 | 2.000–157.000 |
| Disruptive/antisocial subscale | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mean (s.d.) | 26.083 (13.622) | 23.400 (10.995) | 26.500 (15.953) | 15.635 (8.682) | 23.769 (11.300) | 29.087 (12.007) | 27.000 (11.989) | 21.429 (9.442) | 14.929 (10.220) | 21.609 (12.752) | 19.000 (9.420) | 23.375 (9.598) | 17.300 (9.934) | 20.689 (11.901) |
| Range | 7.000–49.000 | 8.000–43.000 | 3.000–47.000 | 1.000–38.000 | 12.000–44.000 | 4.000–48.000 | 5.000–53.000 | 6.000–39.000 | 1.000–42.000 | 2.000–45.000 | 6.000–33.000 | 9.000–47.000 | 2.000–30.000 | 1.000–53.000 |
| Self-absorbed subscale | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mean (s.d.) | 25.139 (11.248) | 23.200 (10.390) | 23.300 (16.042) | 15.712 (9.456) | 20.769 (8.946) | 24.087 (10.867) | 22.500 (11.564) | 22.571 (10.225) | 12.843 (9.165) | 21.435 (11.599) | 25.500 (7.116) | 25.125 (8.563) | 16.900 (10.300) | 19.708 (11.123) |
| Range | 6.000–51.000 | 3.000–47.000 | 3.000–54.000 | 0.000–35.000 | 9.000–35.000 | 1.000–41.000 | 0.000–50.000 | 3.000–41.000 | 1.000–37.000 | 6.000–48.000 | 15.000–36.000 | 11.000–41.000 | 0.000–33.000 | 0.000–54.000 |
| Communication disturbance subscale | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mean (s.d.) | 11.556 (4.398) | 10.300 (4.473) | 10.800 (5.653) | 7.635 (3.881) | 10.077 (6.184) | 10.478 (4.450) | 9.188 (6.014) | 10.048 (3.775) | 6.514 (4.089) | 9.174 (6.322) | 12.250 (4.224) | 10.625 (4.440) | 9.100 (5.626) | 9.106 (4.907) |
| Range | 1.000–21.000 | 2.000–18.000 | 1.000–19.000 | 0.000–16.000 | 1.000–18.000 | 1.000–18.000 | 0.000–24.000 | 2.000–16.000 | 0.000–17.000 | 0.000–21.000 | 3.000–17.000 | 1.000–18.000 | 0.000–19.000 | 0.000–24.000 |
| Anxiety subscale | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mean (s.d.) | 9.611 (4.544) | 7.450 (4.298) | 6.100 (4.306) | 6.558 (3.765) | 6.077 (3.904) | 8.826 (3.099) | 7.562 (3.898) | 7.619 (3.853) | 5.886 (4.221) | 6.870 (4.192) | 5.333 (4.008) | 7.125 (4.161) | 8.300 (4.620) | 7.115 (4.187) |
| Range | 0.000–17.000 | 0.000–16.000 | 1.000–14.000 | 0.000–16.000 | 0.000–13.000 | 3.000–14.000 | 1.000–15.000 | 1.000–15.000 | 0.000–18.000 | 0.000–13.000 | 1.000–13.000 | 0.000–14.000 | 0.000–14.000 | 0.000–18.000 |
| Social relating subscale | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mean (s.d.) | 7.722 (3.677) | 6.950 (3.379) | 5.700 (3.860) | 5.577 (4.336) | 7.154 (4.543) | 5.609 (3.115) | 6.375 (4.129) | 8.286 (3.452) | 4.114 (3.573) | 5.565 (3.203) | 5.417 (3.029) | 5.500 (2.921) | 4.700 (2.111) | 5.832 (3.806) |
| Range | 0.000–15.000 | 0.000–12.000 | 0.000–12.000 | 0.000–15.000 | 0.000–15.000 | 0.000–11.000 | 1.000–15.000 | 2.000–14.000 | 0.000–16.000 | 0.000–11.000 | 1.000–10.000 | 0.000–13.000 | 1.000–8.000 | 0.000–16.000 |
| (E) Health-Related variables | ||||||||||||||
| Participants taking psychiatric or epilepsy medication | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| No | 30 (83.3%) | 19 (95.0%) | 9 (90.0%) | 45 (86.5%) | 12 (92.3%) | 17 (73.9%) | 14 (87.5%) | 19 (90.5%) | 67 (95.7%) | 20 (87.0%) | 11 (91.7%) | 13 (81.2%) | 10 (100.0%) | 286 (88.8%) |
| Yes | 6 (16.7%) | 1 (5.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 7 (13.5%) | 1 (7.7%) | 6 (26.1%) | 2 (12.5%) | 2 (9.5%) | 3 (4.3%) | 3 (13.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 36 (11.2%) |
| Congenital heart problems | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8 |
| No | 33 (91.7%) | 18 (90.0%) | 9 (90.0%) | 45 (90.0%) | 12 (92.3%) | 19 (86.4%) | 14 (87.5%) | 15 (78.9%) | 37 (52.9%) | 17 (77.3%) | 8 (66.7%) | 13 (81.2%) | 7 (87.5%) | 247 (78.7%) |
| Yes | 3 (8.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 5 (10.0%) | 1 (7.7%) | 3 (13.6%) | 2 (12.5%) | 4 (21.1%) | 33 (47.1%) | 5 (22.7%) | 4 (33.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 1 (12.5%) | 67 (21.3%) |
| History of epileptic fits | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| No | 25 (69.4%) | 18 (90.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 36 (72.0%) | 12 (92.3%) | 23 (100.0%) | 14 (87.5%) | 15 (75.0%) | 56 (81.2%) | 21 (91.3%) | 11 (100.0%) | 10 (62.5%) | 9 (90.0%) | 260 (82.0%) |
| Yes | 11 (30.6%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 14 (28.0%) | 1 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (12.5%) | 5 (25.0%) | 13 (18.8%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (37.5%) | 1 (10.0%) | 57 (18.0%) |
| Born prematurely (<37 Weeks) | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 21 |
| Early | 16 (47.1%) | 9 (50.0%) | 5 (55.6%) | 22 (44.0%) | 6 (46.2%) | 9 (47.4%) | 12 (80.0%) | 7 (38.9%) | 34 (51.5%) | 11 (47.8%) | 5 (41.7%) | 9 (56.2%) | 4 (50.0%) | 149 (49.5%) |
| Not Early | 18 (52.9%) | 9 (50.0%) | 4 (44.4%) | 28 (56.0%) | 7 (53.8%) | 10 (52.6%) | 3 (20.0%) | 11 (61.1%) | 32 (48.5%) | 12 (52.2%) | 7 (58.3%) | 7 (43.8%) | 4 (50.0%) | 152 (50.5%) |
| Child part of multiple birth | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| No | 34 (97.1%) | 19 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 49 (98.0%) | 13 (100.0%) | 21 (100.0%) | 14 (100.0%) | 16 (94.1%) | 66 (97.1%) | 23 (100.0%) | 12 (100.0%) | 15 (93.8%) | 10 (100.0%) | 302 (98.1%) |
| Yes | 1 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (5.9%) | 2 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (1.9%) |
| Fertility treatment used during pregnancy | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
| No | 30 (88.2%) | 17 (94.4%) | 10 (100.0%) | 42 (89.4%) | 13 (100.0%) | 21 (100.0%) | 13 (92.9%) | 17 (100.0%) | 65 (95.6%) | 22 (95.7%) | 11 (91.7%) | 15 (93.8%) | 10 (100.0%) | 286 (94.4%) |
| Yes | 4 (11.8%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (10.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (4.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (6.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 17 (5.6%) |
| Prolonged labour | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
| No | 27 (81.8%) | 15 (88.2%) | 9 (100.0%) | 44 (89.8%) | 12 (100.0%) | 16 (80.0%) | 12 (85.7%) | 14 (82.4%) | 59 (88.1%) | 20 (87.0%) | 11 (91.7%) | 14 (87.5%) | 8 (80.0%) | 261 (87.3%) |
| Yes | 6 (18.2%) | 2 (11.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (10.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (20.0%) | 2 (14.3%) | 3 (17.6%) | 8 (11.9%) | 3 (13.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | 2 (20.0%) | 38 (12.7%) |
| Birth by caesarean section | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| No | 23 (65.7%) | 16 (84.2%) | 8 (88.9%) | 31 (62.0%) | 8 (61.5%) | 15 (71.4%) | 10 (76.9%) | 8 (47.1%) | 49 (72.1%) | 12 (54.5%) | 9 (75.0%) | 12 (75.0%) | 9 (90.0%) | 210 (68.9%) |
| Yes | 12 (34.3%) | 3 (15.8%) | 1 (11.1%) | 19 (38.0%) | 5 (38.5%) | 6 (28.6%) | 3 (23.1%) | 9 (52.9%) | 19 (27.9%) | 10 (45.5%) | 3 (25.0%) | 4 (25.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 95 (31.1%) |
| Child spent time in a special care baby unit | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 24 |
| No | 31 (88.6%) | 15 (83.3%) | 7 (77.8%) | 43 (89.6%) | 12 (92.3%) | 17 (85.0%) | 11 (78.6%) | 14 (82.4%) | 40 (60.6%) | 16 (72.7%) | 8 (72.7%) | 13 (86.7%) | 9 (90.0%) | 236 (79.2%) |
| Yes | 4 (11.4%) | 3 (16.7%) | 2 (22.2%) | 5 (10.4%) | 1 (7.7%) | 3 (15.0%) | 3 (21.4%) | 3 (17.6%) | 26 (39.4%) | 6 (27.3%) | 3 (27.3%) | 2 (13.3%) | 1 (10.0%) | 62 (20.8%) |
| Child spent time in an incubator | ||||||||||||||
| N-Miss | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 21 |
| No | 33 (97.1%) | 12 (66.7%) | 7 (77.8%) | 43 (87.8%) | 12 (92.3%) | 18 (85.7%) | 10 (76.9%) | 16 (94.1%) | 43 (64.2%) | 17 (73.9%) | 7 (58.3%) | 13 (86.7%) | 9 (90.0%) | 240 (79.7%) |
| Yes | 1 (2.9%) | 6 (33.3%) | 2 (22.2%) | 6 (12.2%) | 1 (7.7%) | 3 (14.3%) | 3 (23.1%) | 1 (5.9%) | 24 (35.8%) | 6 (26.1%) | 5 (41.7%) | 2 (13.3%) | 1 (10.0%) | 61 (20.3%) |