Table 1.
Study sample characteristics
| Cases (N = 267) | Controls (N = 267) | |
|---|---|---|
| Boys, no. (%) | 233 (87.3) | 233 (87.3) |
| Year of birth (range) | 1997–2014 | 1997–2014 |
| Year of birth, mean (SD) | 2008 (4.6) | 2008 (4.6) |
| Maternal age, mean (SD), years | 29.8 (5.3) | 30.5 (4.8) |
| Gestational age, mean (SD), weeks | 39.8 (1.7) | 40.0 (1.4) |
| Parity, mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.8 (0.8) |
| Apgar scoresa, mean (SD) | 9.8 (0.7) | 9.9 (0.4) |
| Age at DBS sampling, mean (SD), days | 3.3 (2.2) | 3.2 (1.8) |
| Age at diagnosis, mean (SD), days | 36.8 (18.1) | |
| Breastfeeding difficulty (P92.5), no. (%) | 17 (6.4) | 4 (1.5) |
| Cesarean section, no. | 57 (21.3) | 45 (16.9) |
aThe Apgar score is a standardized assessment for infants after delivery. It is based on a total score of 1 to 10, with the higher the score, the better the newborn is doing after birth