. 2020 Sep 17;238(1):83–94. doi: 10.1007/s00213-020-05660-3

Table 3.

Parameters of SOL and TST misperception per group and treatment condition (average ± standard deviation)

		Participant groups			Multi-way ANOVA
		Frequent users	Infrequent users	Healthy controls	Treatment	Group	Treatment x group
Actual amount of SOL misperception (minutes)^a	Placebo	75.5 ± 82.9	33.4 ± 33.2	15.2 ± 25.6	F = 10.80, *p < 0.01*	F = 6.08, *p < 0.01*	F = 2.49, p = 0.09
Actual amount of SOL misperception (minutes)^a	Zopiclone	19.5 ± 38.6	12.3 ± 13.3	5.5 ± 20.6	F = 10.80, *p < 0.01*	F = 6.08, *p < 0.01*	F = 2.49, p = 0.09
Actual amount of TST misperception (minutes)^b	Placebo	19.4 ± 42.6	11.2 ± 50.1	− 7.1 ± 47.3	F = 10.41, *p < 0.01*	F = 6.87, *p < 0.01*	F = 4.05, p = 0.02
Actual amount of TST misperception (minutes)^b	Zopiclone	104.4 ± 82.2	76.7 ± 113.5	3.7 ± 39.8	F = 10.41, *p < 0.01*	F = 6.87, *p < 0.01*	F = 4.05, p = 0.02
Estimated amount of SOL misperception (minutes)^c	Placebo	18.1 ± 17.6	9.1 ± 12.9	9.4 ± 13.5	F = 16.1, *p < 0.001*	F = 1.70, p = 0.19	F = 0.60, p = 0.55
Estimated amount of SOL misperception (minutes)^c	Zopiclone	57.6 ± 72.9	47.5 ± 47.8	29.2 ± 30.5	F = 16.1, *p < 0.001*	F = 1.70, p = 0.19	F = 0.60, p = 0.55
Prediction error of misperception (minutes)^d	Placebo	18.6 ± 73.1	− 13.4 ± 61.3	− 11.3 ± 20.7	F = 0.20, p = 0.65	F = 1.62, p = 0.20	F = 1.01, p = 0.37
Prediction error of misperception (minutes)^d	Zopiclone	4.7 ± 34.2	3.9 ± 20.2	− 3.1 ± 24.8	F = 0.20, p = 0.65	F = 1.62, p = 0.20	F = 1.01, p = 0.37

^aThe difference between self-reported subjective SOL obtained from the sleep diary and objective SOL

^bThe difference between subjective TST obtained from the sleep diary and objective TST

^cThe difference between subjective SOL estimated from the hypnogram and objective SOL

^dThe difference between estimated amount of SOL misperception and actual amount of SOL misperception