Table 4.
Comparison of MDP profiles and their abundance in maternal plasma and liver, placenta, and fetal liver and brain.
| Biochemical name | Maternal plasma | Maternal liver | Placenta | Fetal liver | Fetal brain | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F–C | q-value | F–C | q-value | F–C | q-value | F–C | q-value | F–C | q-value | |
| Benzoate | 1.07 | 0.4631 | 0.51 | 0.4090 | – | 0.92 | 1.0000 | 1.21 | 0.4628 | |
| Salicylate | 3.11 | 0.0076 | 2.60 | 0.0161 | 2.03 | 0.0233 | 1.46 | 0.2917 | – | |
| Gentisate | 3.99 | 0.0021 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 2.54 | 0.0021 | – | 2.04 | 0.0088 | – | – | |||
| Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate-SO4 | 3.13 | 0.0097 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 2-Aminophenol sulfate | 1.89 | 0.0082 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Hippurate | 3.37 | 0.0001 | 1.97 | 0.0161 | 2.31 | 0.0125 | 2.43 | 0.0103 | 1.82 | 0.0656 |
| 2-Hydroxyhippurate | 2.91 | 0.0040 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 4-Hydroxyhippurate | 2.68 | 0.0010 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| catechol sulfate | 7.41 | 0.0001 | 2.60 | 0.0443 | 6.62 | 0.0071 | 1.83 | 0.1381 | – | |
| 4-Methylcatechol sulfate | 3.11 | 0.0002 | – | 3.11 | 0.0178 | – | – | |||
| 4-Vinylcatechol sulfate | 3.91 | 0.0021 | 1.25 | 0.4090 | – | 1.02 | 0.9347 | 0.83 | 0.3213 | |
| 4-Methylbenzenesulfonate | 1.05 | 0.8168 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| p-Cresol sulfate | 1.03 | 1.0000 | 1.11 | 0.6363 | 0.93 | 0.6270 | 0.78 | 0.2917 | 0.81 | 0.2378 |
| p-Cresol glucuronide | 0.80 | 0.3169 | 0.77 | 0.3139 | 0.74 | 0.2932 | 0.86 | 0.6422 | – | |
| Phenol sulfate | 3.20 | 0.0139 | 1.42 | 0.0813 | – | 1.34 | 0.0704 | 2.72 | 0.0094 | |
| 4-Acetylphenol sulfate | 7.69 | 0.0066 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 3-Ethylphenylsulfate | 2.05 | 0.0076 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 4-Ethylphenylsulfate | 2.11 | 0.0255 | – | 1.52 | 0.0515 | – | – | |||
| 4-Ethylphenol glucuronide | 3.28 | 0.0076 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 4-Vinylphenol sulfate | 1.91 | 0.0010 | 2.06 | 0.0240 | 1.39 | 0.0233 | 1.03 | 0.8185 | – | |
| 3-Phenylpropionate | 3.69 | 0.0076 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 3-(3Hydroxyphenyl)propionate-SO4 | 2.61 | 0.0462 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionate | 3.45 | 0.0244 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Cinnamate | 5.28 | 0.0076 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Cinnamoylglycine | 4.86 | 0.0126 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 4-Hydroxycinnamate | 7.23 | 0.0021 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 4-Hydroxycinnamate sulfate | 7.57 | 0.0076 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Caffeic acid sulfate | 3.21 | 0.0021 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Dihydrocaffeate sulfate | 1.44 | 0.1859 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 4-Allylphenol sulfate | 2.53 | 0.0680 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Ferulic acid 4-sulfate | 4.50 | 0.0076 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Salicin | 12.98 | 0.0097 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Enterolactone | 1.64 | 0.0139 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Enterolactone sulfate | 5.32 | 0.0183 | 4.76 | 0.0207 | – | – | – | |||
| Thymol sulfate | 1.96 | 0.4964 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Indoleacetate | 1.46 | 0.0021 | 0.94 | 0.7303 | 0.94 | 0.6270 | 0.94 | 0.8185 | 1.26 | 0.3213 |
| Indolelactate | 1.76 | 0.0021 | – | 1.15 | 0.1580 | 1.64 | 0.01653 | 0.99 | 0.3911 | |
| Indolepropionate | 0.41 | 0.0139 | – | 0.29 | 0.0371 | – | – | |||
| 3-Formylindole | 1.50 | 0.0021 | – | 1.18 | 0.1802 | – | 0.94 | 0.9689 | ||
| Methyl indole-3-acetate | 0.77 | 0.7682 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 3-Indoleglyoxylic acid | 1.48 | 0.0139 | – | 1.17 | 0.8252 | – | – | |||
| Indolin-2-one | 1.47 | 0.0680 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 2-Oxindole-3-acetate | 1.32 | 0.3170 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 1H-indole-7-acetic acid | 1.32 | 0.7981 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 6-Hydroxyindole sulfate | 0.99 | 1.0000 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Kojibiose | – | 0.82 | 0.4090 | – | 1.61 | 0.3733 | – | |||
| Mannonate | 1.21 | 0.8549 | 0.68 | 0.0129 | 1.13 | 0.3219 | 1.04 | 0.9183 | 1.06 | 0.5390 |
| Gluconate | 1.39 | 0.2131 | 0.65 | 0.0207 | 0.50 | 0.0052 | 0.99 | 1.0000 | 0.73 | 0.1278 |
| Erythritol | 1.10 | 0.8549 | 1.15 | 0.2990 | 1.05 | 0.9163 | 1.06 | 0.7099 | 1.13 | 0.5746 |
| Ribitol | 2.23 | 0.0255 | 0.95 | 0.6797 | 0.92 | 0.3219 | 1.10 | 0.5281 | 1.00 | 0.8659 |
| Tartarate | 1.59 | 0.1017 | 1.11 | 0.5826 | 1.12 | 0.3934 | 1.04 | 0.8618 | – | |
| Tartronate (hydroxymalonate) | 1.68 | 0.0021 | 1.60 | 0.0161 | 1.03 | 0.6664 | 1.29 | 0.0957 | 0.95 | 0.7552 |
| Threonate | 1.86 | 0.0021 | 1.00 | 0.8302 | 1.10 | 0.3593 | 1.14 | 0.6778 | 0.85 | 0.1390 |
| Ergothioneine | 1.92 | 0.0139 | 1.08 | 0.8302 | 1.31 | 0.0432 | 1.25 | 0.3287 | 1.36 | 0.1390 |
| Hercynine | 1.99 | 0.1017 | – | 1.44 | 0.0267 | 1.42 | 0.6778 | – | ||
| Stachydrine | 0.92 | 0.2850 | 0.64 | 0.0067 | 0.76 | 0.8390 | 0.86 | 0.8800 | – | |
| N-methylpipecolate | 1.13 | 0.6096 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 3-Hydroxypyridine sulfate | 3.57 | 0.0076 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Beta-guanidinopropanoate | – | 0.97 | 1.0000 | 0.81 | 0.5468 | 0.85 | 1.0000 | – | ||
| Beta-sitosterol | 1.40 | 0.0557 | 1.15 | 0.2813 | – | 1.76 | 0.0704 | – | ||
| Campesterol | 1.28 | 0.0449 | 1.11 | 0.0992 | 1.29 | 0.0913 | 1.31 | 0.1397 | 1.08 | 0.7552 |
| Deoxycholate | 0.43 | 0.7171 | – | 0.70 | 0.8032 | – | – | |||
| Taurodeoxycholate | 0.48 | 0.2850 | 1.23 | 0.5826 | 0.68 | 0.4297 | 0.77 | 0.9347 | – | |
| 6-Beta-hydroxylithocholate | 0.35 | 0.8818 | 1.66 | 0.2813 | – | – | – | |||
| Taurolithocholate | – | 1.74 | 0.0991 | – | 1.20 | 0.9784 | – | |||
| Ursodeoxycholate | 0.18 | 0.1890 | 0.72 | 0.3456 | 0.39 | 0.5814 | – | – | ||
| Tauroursodeoxycholate | 0.26 | 0.9162 | 0.85 | 0.5826 | 0.34 | 0.4669 | 0.62 | 0.1653 | – | |
| Taurohyocholate | – | 1.27 | 0.7303 | – | – | – | ||||
| Hyodeoxycholate | – | 3.51 | 0.0273 | – | – | – | ||||
| 7-Ketodeoxycholate | 0.15 | 0.4964 | 0.91 | 0.9547 | 0.24 | 0.3934 | 0.59 | 1.0000 | – | |
| Taurohyodeoxycholic acid | 2.21 | 0.0905 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 3-Dehydrocholate | 0.09 | 0.8168 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 12-Dehydrocholate | 0.02 | 0.0193 | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Ursocholate | 2.19 | 0.0850 | – | – | – | – | ||||
F–C, fold change; q-value by Mann–Whitney U-test, followed by Benjamini–Hochberg FDR adjustment. “–” indicates not detected. N = 9 control and N = 8 alcohol-treated dams and their fetuses.