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. 2021 Jan 8;11:53. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79693-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Production (positive) or consumption (negative) rates per cell, obtained from the NMR spectra for a single spheroid (a) and monolayer culture (b). The scale for the spheroid results is expanded by a factor of 4 compared to the monolayer data. Error bars represent the standard deviation from three separate experiments, and take into account the errors in cell numbers as well as fabrication tolerance error in the sample volume.