Table 3.
Comparisons of outcomes among groups at different time points and across four waves of times in individual groups.
| Outcome | One injection (N = 39) | Combined injections (N = 39) | A.M.D. (95% CI) | P value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAS pain baseline | 35.3 ± 16.5 | 40.0 ± 15.7 | − 4.7 (− 12.0,2.5)d | 0.199t |
| 1 month | 13.4 ± 13.3 | 21.9 ± 15.1 | − 5.6 (− 10.2,− 1.0) | 0.017* |
| 3 month | 9.5 ± 13.7 | 11.9 ± 12.9 | Figure 2 | |
| 6 month | 14.9 ± 17.9 | 8.2 ± 11.4 | 7.9 (1.3,14.5) | 0.020* |
| P Valueb (post hoc test) | < 0.001* (B > 1 M = 3 M = 6 M) | < 0.001* (B > 1 M = 3 M = 6 M) | ||
| WOMAC-pain baseline | 5.6 ± 3.4 | 6.0 ± 3.2 | − 0.4 (− 1.9,1.1)d | 0.586t |
| 1 month | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 3.9 ± 2.9 | − 1.1 (− 1.9,− 0.1) | 0.025* |
| 3 month | 2.2 ± 2.5 | 3.0 ± 2.3 | − 0.7 (− 1.7,0.2) | 0.140 |
| 6 month | 3.1 ± 3.2 | 3.5 ± 2.7 | − 0.2 (− 1.3,1.0) | 0.801 |
| P Valueb (post hoc test) | < 0.001* (B > 1 M = 3 M = 6 M) | < 0.001* (B > 1 M = 3 M = 6 M) | ||
| WOMAC-stiffness baseline | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 0.2 (− 0.4,0.8)d | 0.608t |
| 1 month | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | − 0.6 (− 1.1,− 0.1) | 0.011* |
| 3 month | 0.9 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | − 0.4 (− 0.9,0.1) | 0.086 |
| 6 month | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | − 0.4 (− 0.9,0.1) | 0.117 |
| P Valueb (post hoc test) | < 0.001* (B > 1 M = 3 M = 6 M) | < 0.001* (B > 1 M = 3 M = 6 M) | ||
| WOMAC-function baseline | 19.9 ± 10.5 | 21.2 ± 12.3 | − 1.2 (− 6.4,3.9)d | 0.635t |
| 1 month | 11.3 ± 8.5 | 13.8 ± 9.5 | − 1.9 (− 4.8,1.1) | 0.209 |
| 3 month | 8.2 ± 7.9 | 10.4 ± 9.0 | − 1.8 (− 5.2,1.6) | 0.285 |
| 6 month | 12.1 ± 10.4 | 12.9 ± 11.1 | − 0.0 (− 3.5,3.4) | 0.998 |
| P Valueb (post hoc test) | < 0.001* (B > 6 M > 3 M,B > 1 M) | < 0.001* (B > 1 M = 3 M = 6 M) | ||
| WOMAC-total baseline | 28.0 ± 14.2 | 29.5 ± 16.2 | − 1.5 (− 8.4,5.4)d | 0.667t |
| 1 month | 15.0 ± 11.2 | 19.3 ± 12.8 | − 3.5 (− 7.3,0.3) | 0.072 |
| 3 month | 11.2 ± 11.1 | 14.7 ± 11.6 | − 2.9 (− 7.4,1.5) | 0.193 |
| 6 month | 16.5 ± 14.4 | 18.0 ± 14.1 | − 0.6 (− 5.3,4.2) | 0.815 |
| P Valueb (post hoc test) | < 0.001* (B > 6 M > 3 M,B > 1 M) | < 0.001* (B > 1 M = 3 M = 6 M) |
The values are given as mean ± standard deviation.
VAS Visual analog scale for pain, WOMAC The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, A.M.D. Adjusted mean difference, CI Confidence interval.
aBetween-group difference determined using independent samples one-way ANCOVA(baseline data as covariate) or Johnson-Neyman technique (Fig. 1).
bWithin-group difference determined using repeated measures one-way ANOVA.
tindependent t-test.
*P < 0.05.