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. 2021 Jan 8;11:226. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80677-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sources of the first information about biases in relation to the stage of respondent’s research career, as reported by 35 undergraduate students, 122 early career scientists, 49 mid-career scientists and 95 senior scientists. Bars marked with different letters differ from each other at P < 0.05 within each group (χ² test).