Table 1.

Clinical characteristics for the metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) patient cohort.

	mUC cohort (n = 104)	Subset with tissue retrieved (n = 63)	Subset without tissue retrieved (n = 41)	Fisher’s exact pa
Median age at metastatic diagnosis (range)	67 (37–88)	67 (37–88)	67 (44–83)
Male (%)	83.7	85.7	80.5	0.59
Smoker (%)	70.7	71.7	68.8	0.81
Upper tract involvement (%)	18.3	15.9	22.0	0.45
Metastatic at diagnosis (%)	18.3	12.7	26.8	0.08
Initial histology of invasive component (%)
Pure urothelial	50.0	42.9	61.0	0.11
Mixed urothelial with variant	10.6	14.3	4.9	0.19
Pure variant	26.9	27.0	26.8	1.00
Unknown	12.5	15.9	7.3	0.24
Curative-intent treatment (%)
Cystectomy	79.3	72.2	90.9	0.05
Trimodal therapy	9.1	13.0	0.0	0.17
Chemotherapy	43.4	41.2	48.0	0.63
Clinical factors at metastatic diagnosis (%)
ECOG PS ≥ 2	21.1	20.0	22.5	0.80
Visceral metastases	71.2	66.7	78	0.27
First-line treatment for metastatic disease (%)
None	13.9	19.4	5.1	0.07
Cisplatin-based	35.6	24.2	53.8	0.0031
Carboplatin-based	17.8	19.4	15.4	0.79
PD-1/PD-L1	22.8	27.4	15.4	0.22
PD-1 + CTLA-4	4.0	4.8	2.6	1.00
Taxane	2.0	1.6	2.6	1.00
Other	4.0	3.2	5.1	0.64
Median days from metastatic diagnosis
To initiation of first-line treatmentb	39	43	39
To first cell-free DNA collection	62	75	41
Median months of follow-up (range)
From metastatic diagnosis	13.9 (1.1–76.4)	14.7 (1.3–74.0)	13.5 (1.1–76.4)
From first cell-free DNA collection	8.4 (0.3–33.0)	6.3 (0.8–33.0)	10.7 (0.3–24.7)

Percentages are based on the patients with data available. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

^aBonferroni-corrected threshold for significance: p = 0.0025.

^bFor patients who received treatment for their metastatic disease during the follow-up period.