. 2021 Jan 8;11:184. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80655-w

Table 1.

Causal effect estimates of 25(OH)D and MR pleiotropic bias tests for multiple sclerosis using 138 conditionally independent SNPs in vitamin D associated loci from Manousaki, D. et al. AJHG 2020.

(a) Causal effect estimates of 25(OH)D on multiple sclerosis
Outcome	Outcome GWAS sample size	Outcome GWAS N of SNP	N of SNP used in MR	MR-PRESSO				Median estimate				MR-Egger
Outcome	Outcome GWAS sample size	Outcome GWAS N of SNP	N of SNP used in MR	Beta	95% CI	P-value	FDR adjusted P-value	Beta	95% CI	P-value	FDR adjusted P-value	Beta	95% CI	P-value	FDR adjusted P-value
Multiple sclerosis (Patsopoulos N et al. 2011)	17,698	7,395,163	66	− 0.350	(− 0.596 to − 0.105)	0.005	0.149	− 0.010	(− 0.327 to 0.307)	0.949	0.996	− 0.412	(− 0.742 to − 0.083)	0.014	0.226
Multiple sclerosis (Sawcer et al. 2011)	27,148	6,991,436	62	− 0.330	(− 0.501 to − 0.160)	1.48E−04	0.014	− 0.233	(− 0.429 to − 0.036)	0.021	0.436	− 0.422	(− 0.656 to − 0.189)	3.89E− 04	0.031
Multiple sclerosis (Beecham et al. 2013 immunochip)	38,589	1,082,242	24	− 0.837	(− 1.162 to − 0.513)	4.19E−07	7.96E−05	− 0.925	(− 1.202 to − 0.648)	6.33E−11	1.20E−08	− 0.942	(− 1.353 to − 0.531)	6.90E− 06	0.001
Multiple sclerosis (Patsopoulos N et al. 2019)	115,803	6,304,359	50	− 0.193	(− 0.372 to − 0.014)	0.035	0.367	− 0.192	(− 0.365 to − 0.019)	0.030	0.436	− 0.234	(− 0.495 to 0.028)	0.080	0.559

(b) MR pleiotropic bias tests for 25(OH)D on multiple sclerosis
Outcome	Pleiotropic bias tests
Outcome	MR-PRESSO global test P-value	MR-PRESSO N of outlier	Modified Q test P-value	Modified Q' test P-value	MR-Egger intercept test P-value
Multiple sclerosis (Beecham et al. 2013 immunochip)	0.029	1	0.031	0.033	0.339
Multiple sclerosis (Patsopoulos N et al. 2011)	0.005	1	0.006	0.005	0.575
Multiple sclerosis (Sawcer et al. 2011)	0.003	1	0.002	0.003	0.159
Multiple sclerosis (Patsopoulos N et al. 2019)	0.003	1	8.15E−04	6.07E−04	0.811