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. 2021 Jan 8;12:147. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20433-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Device structure of PeLEDs. b–d Current density–voltage–radiance (J–V–R) curves (b), EQE (c), and EL spectra (d) of the PeLEDs fabricated with FPMAI additive and N₂ knife. e EQE statistics of the PeLEDs fabricated by different methods. The EQE statistics of PeLEDs made from 0.04 M solution with FPMAI additive and N₂ knife is based on 20 devices, and other categories are based on 10 devices. Error bars represent standard deviation. f Comparison of the peak EQE of OLEDs, QLEDs, PLEDs, and PeLEDs fabricated by blade-coating. g, h Current density and EQE curves of doctor-bladed PeLEDs on glass/ITO (g) and PEN/ITO (h) with a device area of 1 × 1 cm². Inset is photo image of the PeLED. i Photo image of an ultra large-area PeLED with a device area of 4 × 7 cm².