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. 2021 Jan 8;11:188. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80170-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Box plot of (a) Chao1 index of control, GERD patients not using PPI, and GERD patients using PPI. Comparison of the control to GERD patients not using PPI, p < 0.302, and the control comparison to GERD using PPI, p < 0.513; and (b) Shannon index in controls versus GERD patients not using PPI, p < 0.330 and versus GERD using PPI, p < 0.571. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of saliva microbiome profiles of (c) all 3 groups; (d) negative controls versus GERD patient not using PPI; and (e) negative controls versus GERD patients using PPI reveal some differences in microbiota community structure in the GERD group not using PPI.