Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients according to quartiles of serum IGF-1 concentrations
| Characteristic | Serum IGF-1 concentrations (nmol/L) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (4.79–17.09) | Q2 (17.09–20.91) | Q3 (20.91–24.51) | Q4 (24.53–58.00) | |
| Participants, No | 417 | 418 | 418 | 417 |
| Age at blood draw, mean (SD) (years) | 59.34 (7.67) | 57.31 (9.22) | 56.04 (9.19) | 53.92 (9.37) |
| Age at infection, mean (SD) (years) | 70.55 (7.72) | 68.52 (9.31) | 67.18 (9.19) | 65.11 (9.34) |
| Female, No. (%) | 215 (51.56) | 201 (48.09) | 189 (45.22) | 179 (42.93) |
| White race, No. (%) | 368 (88.25) | 369 (88.28) | 354 (84.69) | 363 (87.05) |
| Prevalent diabetes, No. (%) | 59 (14.15) | 35 (8.37) | 41 (9.81) | 39 (9.35) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) (kg/m2) | 29.91 (6.01) | 29.10 (5.49) | 28.29 (5.04) | 27.70 (4.73) |
| Physical activity, mean (SD), MET-hours/week | 37.27 (38.32) | 43.69 (44.03) | 44.18 (41.70) | 46.36 (48.25) |
| Townsend deprivation index, mean (SD) | 0.12 (3.50) | − 0.21 (3.41) | − 0.71 (3.34) | − 0.52 (3.33) |
| Smoking status, No. (%)a | ||||
| Never | 177 (42.45) | 194 (46.41) | 213 (50.96) | 215 (51.56) |
| Previous | 178 (42.69) | 172 (41.15) | 154 (36.84) | 144 (34.53) |
| Current | 55 (13.19) | 48 (11.48) | 48 (11.48) | 55 (13.19) |
| Alcohol consumption, No. (%)a | ||||
| Daily to three times a week | 142 (34.05) | 161 (38.52) | 133 (31.82) | 138 (33.09) |
| Twice a week to once a month | 134 (32.13) | 159 (38.04) | 165 (39.47) | 174 (41.73) |
| Never or special occasions only | 138 (33.09) | 96 (22.97) | 119 (28.47) | 105 (25.18) |
MET, metabolic equivalent
aThe total did not sum to 100% because small proportions of participants chose "prefer not to answer"