Table 2.
Associations between mental health status/self-perceived health status and background variables
| Variables | Depression | Anxiety | Poor self-perceived health | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Row (%) | ORu | AOR (95% CI) | Row (%) | ORu | AOR (95% CI) | Row (%) | ORu | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 18.7 | 1.00 | NA | 17.8 | 1.00 | NA | 43.0 | 1.00 | NA |
| Female | 22.9 | 1.29** | NA | 19.6 | 1.13 | NA | 46.0 | 1.13* | NA |
| Age group (years) | |||||||||
| <30 | 28.0 | 1.00 | NA | 20.8 | 1.00 | NA | 44.0 | 1.00 | NA |
| ≥30 | 19.6 | 0.63*** | NA | 18.5 | 0.86 | NA | 45.2 | 1.05 | NA |
| Having children under 6 years | |||||||||
| No | 19.8 | 1.00 | NA | 17.6 | 1.00 | NA | 44.2 | 1.00 | NA |
| Yes | 25.8 | 1.41*** | NA | 22.9 | 1.39*** | NA | 47.0 | 1.12* | NA |
| Job title | |||||||||
| Junior | 20.9 | 1.00 | NA | 19.4 | 1.00 | NA | 42.5 | 1.00 | NA |
| Intermediate/senior | 21.4 | 1.03 | NA | 18.4 | 0.94 | NA | 48.3 | 1.26*** | NA |
| Others (e.g., volunteers) | 22.7 | 1.11 | NA | 19.1 | 0.98 | NA | 42.0 | 0.98 | NA |
| COVID-19 control and prevention work-related variables | |||||||||
| Outbreak severity (by province)1 | |||||||||
| Hubei | 21.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 20.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 44.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Other provinces | 21.4 | 1.03 | 0.95 (0.81,1.11) | 18.4 | 0.87 | 0.83 (0.70,0.98)* | 45.1 | 1.03 | 1.01 (0.89,1.14) |
| Work content | |||||||||
| Involved in field work only | 19.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 17.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 38.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Involved in non-field work only | 29.5 | 1.76** | 1.57 (1.10,2.23)* | 16.4 | 0.94 | 0.88 (0.58,1.35) | 51.1 | 1.70*** | 1.64 (1.24,2.16)*** |
| Involved in both work types | 21.5 | 1.16 | 1.25 (1.05,1.49)* | 19.6 | 1.16 | 1.21 (1.01,1.45)* | 47.0 | 1.44*** | 1.46 (1.29,1.64)*** |
| Institution | |||||||||
| CDC | 27.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 20.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 55.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| PHI | 17.5 | 0.57*** | 0.57 (0.49,0.66)*** | 17.9 | 0.84* | 0.84 (0.72,0.97)* | 39.1 | 0.53*** | 0.53 (0.47,0.59)*** |
| Received training on COVID-19 | |||||||||
| None | 28.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 22.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 56.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 21.1 | 0.66* | 0.70 (0.48,1.01) | 18.9 | 0.80 | 0.83 (0.56,1.24) | 44.6 | 0.62** | 0.62 (0.46,0.84)** |
| Had sufficient knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control | |||||||||
| Adequate/relatively adequate | 19.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 17.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 39.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Average | 25.7 | 1.46*** | 1.41 (1.21,1.65)*** | 21.7 | 1.30** | 1.27 (1.08,1.49)** | 58.6 | 2.14*** | 2.19 (1.94,2.46)*** |
| Inadequate/very inadequate | 43.5 | 3.23*** | 3.16 (2.07,4.84)*** | 37.0 | 2.75*** | 2.68 (1.74,4.14)*** | 76.2 | 4.85*** | 4.88 (3.10,7.69)*** |
| Start time of COVID-19 prevention and control work | |||||||||
| Before 23 January 2020 | 23.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 21.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 50.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| On or after 23 January 2020 | 19.4 | 0.79** | 0.71 (0.62,0.83)*** | 16.9 | 0.74*** | 0.70 (0.60,0.82)*** | 40.6 | 0.66*** | 0.64 (0.58,0.72)*** |
| Efforts and sacrifices during the outbreak | |||||||||
| Number of days worked all night | |||||||||
| 0 | 17.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 14.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 39.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–3 | 23.3 | 1.45*** | 1.61 (1.35,1.91)*** | 21.5 | 1.60*** | 1.71 (1.43,2.05)*** | 50.1 | 1.55*** | 1.65 (1.46,1.88)*** |
| >3 | 28.0 | 1.85*** | 2.14 (1.80,2.55)*** | 25.9 | 2.05*** | 2.25 (1.88,2.70)*** | 55.3 | 1.91*** | 2.11 (1.84,2.41)*** |
| Worked throughout Chinese New Year | |||||||||
| No | 20.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 17.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 39.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 22.0 | 1.09 | 1.25 (1.08,1.44)** | 20.4 | 1.23** | 1.31 (1.13,1.52)*** | 51.3 | 1.61*** | 1.73 (1.56,1.92)*** |
| To avoid infecting family members, chose not to live at home | |||||||||
| No | 20.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 18.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 43.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 28.2 | 1.57*** | 1.53 (1.28,1.83)*** | 23.2 | 1.36** | 1.36 (1.13,1.64)** | 53.3 | 1.48*** | 1.53 (1.32,1.77)*** |
| To avoid infecting family members, sent children to parents’ homes. | |||||||||
| No | 20.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 18.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 44.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 24.8 | 1.26** | 1.14 (0.94,1.38) | 23.8 | 1.41*** | 1.29 (1.06,1.57)* | 47.9 | 1.15* | 1.11 (0.96,1.29) |
| Perceptions | |||||||||
| Worry about being infected at work | |||||||||
| None/mild | 13.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 9.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 35.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium/very worried | 26.9 | 2.46*** | 2.42 (2.07,2.83)*** | 25.3 | 3.16*** | 3.12 (2.63,3.71)*** | 51.2 | 1.94*** | 1.92 (1.73,2.14)*** |
| Perceived ability to maintain current intensity of work | |||||||||
| <1 month | 26.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 23.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 54.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥1 month | 11.5 | 0.36*** | 0.36 (0.31,0.43)*** | 11.0 | 0.41*** | 0.40 (0.34,0.48)*** | 29.2 | 0.35*** | 0.35 (0.32,0.40)*** |
| Perceived support | 0.93*** | 0.94 (0.90,0.97)*** | 0.98 | 0.98 (0.95,1.02) | 0.89*** | 0.89 (0.87,0.92)*** | |||
| Perceived troubles at work | 1.29*** | 1.29 (1.26,1.32)*** | 1.32*** | 1.32 (1.29,1.35)*** | 1.16*** | 1.16 (1.14,1.18)*** | |||
Abbreviations: ORu odds ratio of univariate analysis, AOR odds ratio adjusted for sociodemographic variables (sex, age, having a child <6 years of age, job title), CI confidence interval, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, CDC Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, PHI primary health care institute
* p < 0.05; **p < 0 .01; ***p < 0.001; ORs and 95% CIs with p values < 0.05 are in bold.