| A1R | Adenosine A1 receptor |
| A2AR | Adenosine A2A receptor |
| A2BR | Adenosine A2B receptor |
| A3R | Adenosine A3 receptor |
| AC | Adenyl cyclase |
| ADA | Adenosine deaminase |
| ADK | Adenosine kinase |
| AMP | Adenosine monophosphate |
| AMPAR | Α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| BDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| CamKII | Calmoduline-dependent protein kinase II |
| cAMP | Cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| cGMP | Cyclic guanosine monophosphate |
| CHO | Chinese hamster ovary |
| CNS | Central nervous system |
| CREB | cAMP response binding protein |
| DAG | Diacylglycerol |
| ENT | Equilibrative nucleoside transporter |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| FRET | Fluorescence resonance energy transfer |
| Gα | G protein α subunit |
| Gβγ | G protein βγ subunit |
| GDP | Guanosine diphosphate |
| GIRK | G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channel |
| GPCR | G protein-coupled receptor |
| GTP | Guanosine triphosphate |
| HVA | High-voltage activated |
| IKK | IκB kinase |
| IκB | Inhibitor of IκB |
| IP3 | 1,4,5-triphosphate |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| K2P | Two-pore domain K+ channel |
| KATP | ATP-sensitive K+ channel |
| LVA | Low-voltage activated |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MAPKK | MAPK kinase |
| MAPKKK | MAPKK kinase |
| mPSC | Miniature postsynaptic current |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor-κB |
| NMDAR | N-methyl D-aspartate receptor |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| NOS | Nitric oxide synthase |
| NPY | Neuropeptide Y |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| PIP2 | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate |
| PIP3 | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate |
| PKA | Protein kinase A |
| PKC | Protein kinase C |
| PKG | Protein kinase G |
| PLC | Phospholipase C |
| PP | Protein phosphatase |
| PTX | Pertussin toxin |
| SAPK | Stress-activated protein kinase |
| sGC | Soluble guanylyl cyclase |
| SK | Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel |
| SUR | Sulfonylurea receptor |
| TASK | TWIK-related acid sensitive K+ channel |
| TREK | TWIK-related K+ channel |
| TRESK | TWIK-related spinal cord K+ channel |
| VGCC | Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel |