Table 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of polysaccharide extraction techniques.

Extraction Techniques	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
Conventional water extraction	Simple and low-cost equipment Ease of operation	Limited yield and selectivity Long extraction time High energy consumption Lack of automation	[24,36,37,38]
Pressurized liquid assisted extraction	Selective solubilization by modulating operation severity Shorter extraction time	Equipment costs Degradation of thermolabile compounds Hydrolysis of polymers	[53,54,55,56,57]
Ultrasonic assisted extraction	Low cost Reduction of extraction time Low solvent consumption Reproducibility and scalability Possibility to scale up to industry requirements	Noise pollution Lack of uniformity in the vessel Uneven heating in the vessel Long-term ultrasonication possibly inducing structural changes	[58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65]
Ionic liquid extraction	High extraction efficiency ‘Green’ solvents Negligible emulsion formation Minimal viscosity Fast phase separation	High cost factor Very high corrosiveness Highly hygroscopic	[66,67,68,69,70]
Microwave assisted extraction	High extraction efficiency Short extraction time Low energy consumption	Degradation of thermolabile compounds	[45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52]
Enzymatic assisted extraction	High specificity High catalytic efficiency Mild reaction conditions Low energy consumption Food-grade enzymes	Limited enzyme recycling Enzyme costs Availability of suitable enzymes	[71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78]