Table 1.
Baseline information by categories of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in the CHNS Study.
| Variable | Overall | Quintiles of Fruit Intake | Quintiles of Vegetable Intake | Quintiles of Combined FV Intake | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||
| Number of subjects | 19,542 | 10,444 | 2332 | 2251 | 2245 | 2270 | 3840 | 3891 | 3924 | 3957 | 3930 | 3800 | 3885 | 3934 | 3944 | 3979 |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 41.04 (15.37) | 40.87 (16.03) | 40.15 (14.00) | 40.15 (14.56) | 41.61 (14.60) | 43.09 (14.94) | 44.23 (17.27) | 41.79 (15.61) | 40.68 (14.76) | 39.39 (14.29) | 39.22 (14.21) | 44.00 (17.46) | 41.69 (15.66) | 40.06 (14.67) | 39.35 (13.93) | 40.25 (14.52) |
| Age group (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| 18–24 | 2895 (14.8) | 1815 (17.4) | 283 (12.1) | 300 (13.3) | 252 (11.2) | 245 (10.8) | 546 (14.2) | 529 (13.6) | 556 (14.2) | 612 (15.5) | 652 (16.6) | 579 (15.2) | 548 (14.1) | 578 (14.7) | 574 (14.6) | 616 (15.5) |
| 25–34 | 5073 (26.0) | 2595 (24.8) | 662 (28.4) | 657 (29.2) | 603 (26.9) | 556 (24.5) | 857 (22.3) | 1015 (26.1) | 1033 (26.3) | 1135 (28.7) | 1033 (26.3) | 846 (22.3) | 984 (25.3) | 1111 (28.2) | 1125 (28.5) | 1007 (25.3) |
| 35–44 | 4182 (21.4) | 2104 (20.1) | 590 (25.3) | 504 (22.4) | 528 (23.5) | 456 (20.1) | 650 (16.9) | 789 (20.3) | 908 (23.1) | 890 (22.5) | 945 (24.0) | 637 (16.8) | 816 (21.0) | 868 (22.1) | 945 (24.0) | 916 (23.0) |
| 45–54 | 3077 (15.7) | 1525 (14.6) | 380 (16.3) | 365 (16.2) | 367 (16.3) | 440 (19.4) | 608 (15.8) | 592 (15.2) | 619 (15.8) | 611 (15.4) | 647 (16.5) | 551 (14.5) | 587 (15.1) | 619 (15.7) | 646 (16.4) | 674 (16.9) |
| 55–64 | 2675 (13.7) | 1420 (13.6) | 274 (11.7) | 284 (12.6) | 319 (14.2) | 378 (16.7) | 620 (16.1) | 612 (15.7) | 534 (13.6) | 474 (12.0) | 435 (11.1) | 625 (16.4) | 590 (15.2) | 502 (12.8) | 442 (11.2) | 516 (13.0) |
| 65+ | 1640 (8.4) | 985 (9.4) | 143 (6.1) | 141 (6.3) | 176 (7.8) | 195 (8.6) | 559 (14.6) | 354 (9.1) | 274 (7.0) | 235 (5.9) | 218 (5.5) | 562 (14.8) | 360 (9.3) | 256 (6.5) | 212 (5.4) | 250 (6.3) |
| Sex = female (%) | 10,532 (53.9) | 5353 (51.3) | 1261 (54.1) | 1251 (55.6) | 1288 (57.4) | 1379 (60.7) | 2296 (59.8) | 2174 (55.9) | 2183 (55.6) | 2057 (52.0) | 1822 (46.4) | 2155 (56.7) | 2188 (56.3) | 2141 (54.4) | 2076 (52.6) | 1972 (49.6) |
| Body mass index (mean (SD)) | 23.09 (3.42) | 22.78 (3.25) | 22.96 (4.18) | 23.42 (3.23) | 23.62 (3.34) | 23.82 (3.38) | 23.35 (3.69) | 23.05 (3.21) | 23.05 (3.21) | 23.06 (3.13) | 22.86 (3.80) | 23.12 (3.57) | 23.03 (3.23) | 23.06 (3.16) | 23.06 (3.16) | 23.17 (3.84) |
| BMI category (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| underweight | 904 (4.6) | 599 (5.7) | 93 (4.0) | 65 (2.9) | 73 (3.3) | 74 (3.3) | 225 (5.9) | 153 (3.9) | 169 (4.3) | 168 (4.2) | 189 (4.8) | 236 (6.2) | 177 (4.6) | 151 (3.8) | 167 (4.2) | 173 (4.3) |
| normal weight | 11,886 (60.8) | 6642 (63.6) | 1491 (63.9) | 1333 (59.2) | 1223 (54.5) | 1197 (52.7) | 2162 (56.3) | 2349 (60.4) | 2400 (61.2) | 2419 (61.1) | 2556 (65.0) | 2213 (58.2) | 2383 (61.3) | 2450 (62.3) | 2428 (61.6) | 2412 (60.6) |
| overweight | 5330 (27.3) | 2546 (24.4) | 614 (26.3) | 672 (29.9) | 732 (32.6) | 766 (33.7) | 1094 (28.5) | 1095 (28.1) | 1079 (27.5) | 1119 (28.3) | 943 (24.0) | 1039 (27.3) | 1052 (27.1) | 1056 (26.8) | 1076 (27.3) | 1107 (27.8) |
| obese | 1422 (7.3) | 657 (6.3) | 134 (5.7) | 181 (8.0) | 217 (9.7) | 233 (10.3) | 359 (9.3) | 294 (7.6) | 276 (7.0) | 251 (6.3) | 242 (6.2) | 312 (8.2) | 273 (7.0) | 277 (7.0) | 273 (6.9) | 287 (7.2) |
| Education (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Primary or junior high school | 14,235 (72.8) | 8330 (79.8) | 1929 (82.7) | 1598 (71.0) | 1318 (58.7) | 1060 (46.7) | 2429 (63.3) | 2718 (69.9) | 2957 (75.4) | 3001 (75.8) | 3130 (79.6) | 2661 (70.0) | 2907 (74.8) | 2962 (75.3) | 2934 (74.4) | 2771 (69.6) |
| High school or equal | 3823 (19.6) | 1656 (15.9) | 340 (14.6) | 505 (22.4) | 612 (27.3) | 710 (31.3) | 904 (23.5) | 842 (21.6) | 716 (18.2) | 749 (18.9) | 612 (15.6) | 782 (20.6) | 727 (18.7) | 730 (18.6) | 769 (19.5) | 815 (20.5) |
| College and university | 1484 (7.6) | 458 (4.4) | 63 (2.7) | 148 (6.6) | 315 (14.0) | 500 (22.0) | 507 (13.2) | 331 (8.5) | 251 (6.4) | 207 (5.2) | 188 (4.8) | 357 (9.4) | 251 (6.5) | 242 (6.2) | 241 (6.1) | 393 (9.9) |
| Individual average income † | ||||||||||||||||
| Q1 | 4884 (25.0) | 3290 (31.5) | 796 (34.1) | 454 (20.2) | 217 (9.7) | 127 (5.6) | 570 (14.8) | 819 (21.0) | 973 (24.8) | 1149 (29.0) | 1373 (34.9) | 730 (19.2) | 971 (25.0) | 1048 (26.6) | 1128 (28.6) | 1007 (25.3) |
| Q2 | 4901 (25.1) | 2805 (26.9) | 789 (33.8) | 617 (27.4) | 466 (20.8) | 224 (9.9) | 797 (20.8) | 1006 (25.9) | 1086 (27.7) | 1100 (27.8) | 912 (23.2) | 932 (24.5) | 1078 (27.7) | 1109 (28.2) | 1027 (26.0) | 755 (19.0) |
| Q3 | 4757 (24.3) | 2359 (22.6) | 549 (23.5) | 685 (30.4) | 666 (29.7) | 498 (21.9) | 866 (22.6) | 1032 (26.5) | 1085 (27.7) | 959 (24.2) | 815 (20.7) | 901 (23.7) | 981 (25.3) | 1003 (25.5) | 1003 (25.4) | 869 (21.8) |
| Q4 | 5000 (25.6) | 1990 (19.1) | 198 (8.5) | 495 (22.0) | 896 (39.9) | 1421 (62.6) | 1607 (41.8) | 1034 (26.6) | 780 (19.9) | 749 (18.9) | 830 (21.1) | 1237 (32.6) | 855 (22.0) | 774 (19.7) | 786 (19.9) | 1348 (33.9) |
| Marital status = married (%) | 16,416 (84.0) | 8465 (81.1) | 2050 (87.9) | 1982 (88.0) | 1956 (87.1) | 1963 (86.5) | 3074 (80.1) | 3246 (83.4) | 3375 (86.0) | 3416 (86.3) | 3305 (84.1) | 3015 (79.3) | 3250 (83.7) | 3353 (85.2) | 3401 (86.2) | 3397 (85.4) |
| Residence = urban (%) | 11,324 (57.9) | 6910 (66.2) | 1455 (62.4) | 1197 (53.2) | 986 (43.9) | 776 (34.2) | 1953 (50.9) | 2138 (54.9) | 2313 (58.9) | 2425 (61.3) | 2495 (63.5) | 2126 (55.9) | 2314 (59.6) | 2357 (59.9) | 2351 (59.6) | 2176 (54.7) |
| Urban index ‡ (mean (SD)) | 58.59 (22.75) | 53.72 (21.97) | 51.11 (19.11) | 59.86 (21.31) | 68.69 (20.44) | 77.44 (19.25) | 66.95 (21.47) | 61.90 (21.64) | 58.31 (21.63) | 54.61 (21.97) | 51.44 (23.66) | 63.00 (21.55) | 58.56 (21.42) | 56.95 (21.93) | 55.30 (22.40) | 59.30 (25.39) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||||||
| Current | 2920 (14.9) | 1537 (14.7) | 201 (8.6) | 337 (15.0) | 405 (18.0) | 440 (19.4) | 684 (17.8) | 610 (15.7) | 507 (12.9) | 537 (13.6) | 582 (14.8) | 674 (17.7) | 543 (14.0) | 517 (13.1) | 515 (13.1) | 671 (16.9) |
| Not current (never, past) | 7565 (38.7) | 3433 (32.9) | 491 (21.1) | 887 (39.4) | 1200 (53.5) | 1554 (68.5) | 1966 (51.2) | 1564 (40.2) | 1454 (37.1) | 1364 (34.5) | 1217 (31.0) | 1672 (44.0) | 1406 (36.2) | 1392 (35.4) | 1404 (35.6) | 1691 (42.5) |
| Not answered | 9057 (46.3) | 5474 (52.4) | 1640 (70.3) | 1027 (45.6) | 640 (28.5) | 276 (12.2) | 1190 (31.0) | 1717 (44.1) | 1963 (50.0) | 2056 (52.0) | 2131 (54.2) | 1454 (38.3) | 1936 (49.8) | 2025 (51.5) | 2025 (51.3) | 1617 (40.6) |
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||||||||||||
| Current | 3603 (18.4) | 1735 (16.6) | 232 (9.9) | 432 (19.2) | 549 (24.5) | 655 (28.9) | 871 (22.7) | 731 (18.8) | 664 (16.9) | 643 (16.2) | 694 (17.7) | 785 (20.7) | 659 (17.0) | 648 (16.5) | 648 (16.4) | 863 (21.7) |
| Not current (never, past) | 6838 (35.0) | 3211 (30.7) | 456 (19.6) | 788 (35.0) | 1052 (46.9) | 1331 (58.6) | 1778 (46.3) | 1429 (36.7) | 1291 (32.9) | 1249 (31.6) | 1091 (27.8) | 1555 (40.9) | 1284 (33.1) | 1251 (31.8) | 1260 (31.9) | 1488 (37.4) |
| Not answered | 9101 (46.6) | 5498 (52.6) | 1644 (70.5) | 1031 (45.8) | 644 (28.7) | 284 (12.5) | 1191 (31.0) | 1731 (44.5) | 1969 (50.2) | 2065 (52.2) | 2145 (54.6) | 1460 (38.4) | 1942 (50.0) | 2035 (51.7) | 2036 (51.6) | 1628 (40.9) |
| Physical activity | ||||||||||||||||
| Light | 10,273 (52.6) | 4623 (44.3) | 1015 (43.5) | 1307 (58.1) | 1563 (69.6) | 1765 (77.8) | 2701 (70.3) | 2374 (61.0) | 2067 (52.7) | 1731 (43.7) | 1400 (35.6) | 2454 (64.6) | 2166 (55.8) | 1955 (49.7) | 1821 (46.2) | 1877 (47.2) |
| Moderate | 3537 (18.1) | 2038 (19.5) | 519 (22.3) | 395 (17.5) | 325 (14.5) | 260 (11.5) | 577 (15.0) | 716 (18.4) | 760 (19.4) | 788 (19.9) | 696 (17.7) | 652 (17.2) | 762 (19.6) | 766 (19.5) | 713 (18.1) | 644 (16.2) |
| Heavy | 5732 (29.3) | 3783 (36.2) | 798 (34.2) | 549 (24.4) | 357 (15.9) | 245 (10.8) | 562 (14.6) | 801 (20.6) | 1097 (28.0) | 1438 (36.3) | 1834 (46.7) | 694 (18.3) | 957 (24.6) | 1213 (30.8) | 1410 (35.8) | 1458 (36.6) |
| Calorie intake (kcal/day) (mean (SD)) | 2183.09 (1190.61) | 2228.19 (1287.02) | 2229.97 (546.66) | 2129.02 (582.43) | 2071.18 (1356.15) | 2091.75 (1444.66) | 1993.62 (778.84) | 2178.29 (502.93) | 2238.84 (425.09) | 2370.71 (507.87) | 2511.44 (1175.61) | 1925.57 (1147.12) | 2093.93 (616.98) | 2187.04 (619.84) | 2284.93 (597.35) | 2411.24 (2113.77) |
† At the exchange rate of Aug 2019, 1 yuan was approximately equal to 0.14 U.S. dollars. ‡ Measured at the community level on a 12-component continuous scale ranging from 0–120 with higher values corresponding to higher levels of urbanicity. The quintiles of intake for fruit and vegetables (g/day) were as follows: Vegetables: Q1: <199; Q2: 199 to ≤266; Q3: 266 to ≤327; Q4: 327 to ≤408; Q5: >408. Fruit: Q1: ≤0; Q2: 0 to ≤25; Q3: 25 to ≤60; Q4: 60 to ≤126; Q5: >126. Fruit and vegetable combined: Q1: <225; Q2: 225 to ≤300; Q3: 300 to ≤367; Q4: 367 to ≤461; Q5: >461.