Table 1.
Sites, pathogenic mechanisms, and main treatment strategies for the four ophthalmic conditions discussed in this review.
| Site | Pathogenesis | Treatment | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age-related cataract | Lens | Malfunctioning proteins on lens | (Present) removal of the cloudy lens (Future) antioxidant application |
[44] |
| Glaucoma | Optic nerves | Ganglion cell degeneration | (Present) release of IOP (Future) neuroprotection |
[54] |
| AMD | Retina (macula) | Macular degeneration and vascularization | (Future) anti-VEGF agents and reversal of angiogenesis | [57] |
| DR | Retina | Vascular abnormalities | (Traditional) laser or surgery (Future) anti-VEGF agents |
[70] |
IOP, intraocular pressure.