Table 1.

The effect of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in physiological functions.

Function	Effect on the AhR Pathway	References
Cell regeneration	Activation	[23]
Immune reaction	Activation	[24,25,26]
Intestinal homeostasis	Activation	[6,25]
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation	Inhibition	[27]
Skin pathogenesis	Inhibition	[28]
Neurogenesis and neural precursor cells	Activation	[2,27]
Retinal homeostasis	Activation	[29]
Regulation of sex hormones and reproduction	Activation	[19,30,31]
Embryonic cardiac development	Activation	[32]
Insulin–glucose regulation	Activation	[23,32]
Adipocyte differentiation	Inhibition	[33,34]
Closure of ductus venous	Activation	[35]
Thickness aorta	Inhibition	[36]
Movement regulation	Inhibition	[37]