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. 2021 Jan 5;10(1):158. doi: 10.3390/jcm10010158

Table 3.

Regression coefficients and standard errors (in parentheses) of fixed effects (or major determinants) for mixed effects models of domains and facet scores of the WHOQOL-BREF.

Fixed Effects Income
(per 104 NTD)
DM
(Yes/No)
Arthritis
(Yes/No)
Anxiety a
(Yes/No)
Risk Group b
(Int. vs. High)
Uro. Med.
(yes/no)
QoL Score
Overall QoL −0.43 (0.12) *
Overall health −0.30 (0.13) *
Physical domain 0.07 (0.03) −0.88 (0.36) * −1.11 (0.39) * −0.46 (0.21) *
Pain and discomfort −0.20 (0.09) *
Depend on medical 0.02 (0.01) * −0.56 (0.14) −0.53 (0.17) *
Energy and fatigue 0.03 (0.01) *
Mobility −0.35 (0.14) * −0.42 (0.18) *
Sleep and rest −0.62 (0.15) *
Daily activities 0.02 (0.01) *
Work capacity 0.02 (0.01) * −0.31 (0.11) −0.31 (0.14) * −0.19 (0.09) *
Psychological domain 0.07 (0.02) −0.66 (0.27) *
Spirituality 0.03 (0.01) −0.34 (0.12)
Bodily image 0.02 (0.01)
Self-esteem 0.03 (0.01) −0.28 (0.11) * −0.38 (0.13) *
Negative feelings −0.58 (0.17) *
Social domain 0.09 (0.03) 1.13 (0.39)
Personal rel. 0.02 (0.01) 0.24 (0.11) *
Sexual activity 0.42 (0.19) *
Social support 0.02 (0.01) 0.24 (0.10) *
Environment domain 0.10 (0.03)
Eating/food 0.02 (0.01) * −0.34 (0.11)
Home 0.03 (0.01)
Financial 0.05 (0.01)
Information 0.03 (0.01)
Physical env. 0.03 (0.01)
Transportation 0.03 (0.01) *

All models are adjusted for age, education, employment (yes/no), cardiovascular disease (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), peptic ulcer (yes/no), primary prostate treatment (radical prostatectomy/radiotherapy/active surveillance or watchful waiting), post-treatment duration (≤1 year vs. before treatment and >1 year vs. before treatment). Anxiety a included depression. Effects of low vs. high risk group b are not shown in the table because of no significant difference in the QoL items for these fixed effects. * p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001; those with p ≥ 0.05 are left blank. WHOQOL-BREF, short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire; NTD, New Taiwan dollar; QoL, quality of life; DM, diabetes mellitus; Uro. Med., urology medication; Personal rel., personal relationships; Env., environment.