Table 3.
Fixed Effects | Income (per 104 NTD) |
DM (Yes/No) |
Arthritis (Yes/No) |
Anxiety a (Yes/No) |
Risk Group b (Int. vs. High) |
Uro. Med. (yes/no) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
QoL Score | |||||||
Overall QoL | −0.43 (0.12) * | ||||||
Overall health | −0.30 (0.13) * | ||||||
Physical domain | 0.07 (0.03) † | −0.88 (0.36) * | −1.11 (0.39) * | −0.46 (0.21) * | |||
Pain and discomfort | −0.20 (0.09) * | ||||||
Depend on medical | 0.02 (0.01) * | −0.56 (0.14) ‡ | −0.53 (0.17) * | ||||
Energy and fatigue | 0.03 (0.01) * | ||||||
Mobility | −0.35 (0.14) * | −0.42 (0.18) * | |||||
Sleep and rest | −0.62 (0.15) * | ||||||
Daily activities | 0.02 (0.01) * | ||||||
Work capacity | 0.02 (0.01) * | −0.31 (0.11) † | −0.31 (0.14) * | −0.19 (0.09) * | |||
Psychological domain | 0.07 (0.02) † | −0.66 (0.27) * | |||||
Spirituality | 0.03 (0.01) † | −0.34 (0.12) † | |||||
Bodily image | 0.02 (0.01) † | ||||||
Self-esteem | 0.03 (0.01) † | −0.28 (0.11) * | −0.38 (0.13) * | ||||
Negative feelings | −0.58 (0.17) * | ||||||
Social domain | 0.09 (0.03) † | 1.13 (0.39) † | |||||
Personal rel. | 0.02 (0.01) † | 0.24 (0.11) * | |||||
Sexual activity | 0.42 (0.19) * | ||||||
Social support | 0.02 (0.01) † | 0.24 (0.10) * | |||||
Environment domain | 0.10 (0.03) ‡ | ||||||
Eating/food | 0.02 (0.01) * | −0.34 (0.11) † | |||||
Home | 0.03 (0.01) ‡ | ||||||
Financial | 0.05 (0.01) ‡ | ||||||
Information | 0.03 (0.01) † | ||||||
Physical env. | 0.03 (0.01) † | ||||||
Transportation | 0.03 (0.01) * |
All models are adjusted for age, education, employment (yes/no), cardiovascular disease (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), peptic ulcer (yes/no), primary prostate treatment (radical prostatectomy/radiotherapy/active surveillance or watchful waiting), post-treatment duration (≤1 year vs. before treatment and >1 year vs. before treatment). Anxiety a included depression. Effects of low vs. high risk group b are not shown in the table because of no significant difference in the QoL items for these fixed effects. * p < 0.05, † p < 0.01, ‡ p < 0.001; those with p ≥ 0.05 are left blank. WHOQOL-BREF, short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire; NTD, New Taiwan dollar; QoL, quality of life; DM, diabetes mellitus; Uro. Med., urology medication; Personal rel., personal relationships; Env., environment.