Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with and without pedicle clamping (PC).
| Characteristic | All Patients N (%) |
No PC N (%) |
PC N (%) |
p 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 336 (100) | 261 (77.7) | 75 (22.3) | |
| Median Age (range) | 62 (21–86) | 64 (21–86) | 63 (41–82) | 0.610 |
| Gender Female Male |
114 (34) 222 (66) |
98 (38) 163 (62) |
16 (21) 59 (79) |
0.009 |
| ASA > 2 | 226 (67) | 174 (67) | 52 (69) | 0.388 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) | 8 (8–13) | 8 (8–13) | 8 (8–10) | 0.737 |
| Hepatic pre-conditions Steatosis Cirrhosis |
185 (55) 3 (1) |
138 (53) 3 (1) |
47 (63) 0 |
0.148 0.100 |
| Primary tumor Colon Rectum |
174 (52) 162 (48) |
136 (52) 125 (48) |
38 (51) 37 (49) |
0.896 |
| Primary tumor stagepT3/pT4 pN+ |
240 (71) 179 (53) |
181 (69) 140 (54) |
59 (79) 39 (52) |
0.845 0.184 |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 241 (72) | 186 (71) | 55 (73) | 0.773 |
| Tumor markers CEA elevated CA 19-9 elevated |
130 (39) 84 (25) |
102 (39) 66 (25) |
28 (37) 18 (24) |
0.685 0.650 |
| Timing of development Synchronous 2 Metachronous |
122 (36) 214 (64) |
102 (39) 159 (61) |
20 (27) 55 (73) |
0.057 |
| >3 hepatic metastases | 47 (14) | 37 (14) | 10 (13) | 1.000 |
| Maximum metastasis diameter ≥ 50 mm | 63 (19) | 43 (16) | 20 (27) | 0.064 |
| Extent of liver resection Major hepatectomy 3 Minor hepatectomy |
116 (35) 220 (65) |
90 (34) 171 (66) |
26 (35) 49 (65) |
0.100 |
| Type of resection Anatomic Non-anatomic (wedge/atypical) |
235 (70) 101 (30) |
173 (66) 88 (34) |
62 (83) 13 (17) |
0.006 |
| Duration of resection (min) | 180 (60–580) | 180 (60–580) | 180 (70–310) | 0.559 |
| Estimated blood loss (mL) | 650 (100–6000) | 700 (100–6000) | 600 (100–6000) | 0.502 |
| Major estimated blood loss 4 | 83 (25) | 59 (23) | 24 (32) | 0.100 |
| Perioperative ABT 5 | 123 (37) | 97 (37) | 26 (35) | 0.786 |
| Increased ABT-demand 5,6 | 52 (15) | 46 (18) | 6 (8) | 0.046 |
| Number of perioperative ABT 5 | 1.48 ± 3.80 | 1.66 ± 4.20 | 0.84 ± 1.80 | 0.393 |
| Major complications | 80 (24) | 59 (23) | 21 (28) | 0.361 |
| Post hepatectomy liver failure | 15 (4) | 13 (5) | 2 (3) | 0.536 |
| ICU | 148 (44) | 114 (44) | 34 (45) | 0.790 |
| ICU length of stay | 2.3 ± 6.9 | 2.4 ± 7.3 | 2.0 ± 5.3 | 0.595 |
| 30-day-mortality | 7 (2) | 6 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.513 |
| 90-day-mortality | 14 (5) | 13 (5) | 1 (1) | 0.207 |
| Resection margins involved (R1) | 25 (7) | 18 (7) | 7 (9) | 0.461 |
| Additive chemotherapy 7 (N = 282) | 159/282 (56) | 122/214 (57) | 37/68 (54) | 0.779 |
1 Comparison between PC and no PC; 2 Assessed before or within three months after primary tumor resection; 3 Defined as resection of more than three liver segments; 4 defined as intraoperative blood loss of more than 1000 mL; 5 ABT: allogeneic blood transfusion; 6 defined as perioperative transfusion of more than two ABT-units; 7 Lost to follow-up for additive chemotherapy: all patients 16%; no PC: 18%; PC: 9%.