| CTLA-4 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 |
| GBA | Gut Brain Axis |
| EBV | Epstein–Barr virus |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| HPV | Human Papilloma |
| HPTLV-1 | Type 1 human T-cell lymphotropic virus |
| Hb-B | Hepatitis B |
| Hb-C | Hepatitis C |
| DMAB | 3, 2′-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenol |
| NHMI | Nitrosoheptamethyleneimine |
| DEN | N-nitrosodiethylamine |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CCl4 | Carbon Tetra Chloride |
| DCA | Deoxycholic Acid |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| MALT | Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue |
| ISPID | Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease |
| TNF | Tumor Necrosis Factor |
| MAMP | Microbiome associated molecular pattern |
| TLR | Toll Like Receptors |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharides |
| CRC | Colorectal Cancer |
| SCFA | Short Chain Fatty Acids |
| DSS | Dextran Sulfate Sodium |
| AOM | Azoxymethane |
| TIGIT | T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains |
| IL | Interleukin |
| BC | Breast Cancer |
| rRNA | ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid |
| NAFLD | Non-alcoholic liver fatty liver disease |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| mAbs | monoclonal Antibodies |
| PD-1 | programmed cell death protein1 |
| PD-L1 | programmed cell death ligand protein 1 |
| ICIs | Immune Check point Inhibitors |
| TME | Tumor Microenvironment |
| APCs | Antigen Presenting Cells |
| FMT | Faecal Microbial Transplantation |
| HSCT | hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| MDACC | MD Anderson Cancer Centre |
| ICB | immune checkpoint blockade |
| GVHD | Graft versus host disease |
| Th17 | Thyroxin receptor 17 |
| pDC | plasmacytoid DC (Dendritic cells) |
| TILs | Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes |
| BiTEs | Bispecific T-cell engagers |
| CAR | Chimeric Antigen Receptor |
| ACT | Adoptive Cell Therapy |
| CDI | Clostridium difficali infection |
| CNS | Central Nervous System |
| ANS | Autonomous Nervous System |
| ENS | Enteric Nervous System |
| GABA | Gama Amino Butyric Acid |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| GALT | Gut Associated lymphoid tissues |
| NK | Natural Killer cells |
| DC | Dendritic cells |
| MPL | Monophosphoryl Lipid |