Table 1.
Chemical compositions of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from the leaves of six varieties of P. guajava.
| No | Compound Name | RT | KIExp | KILit | P. guajava Varieties | Identification | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RM | EQ | WI | E | ESEG | RI | ||||||
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | |||||||||||
| 1 | α-Pinene | 9.76 | 940 | 939 | 20.58 ± 0.60 | --- | 0.48 ± 0.03 * | --- | 2.76 ± 0.04 | 0.48 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
| 2 | β-Pinene | 11.57 | 982 | 980 | 0.49 ± 0.03 | --- | --- | --- | 0.09 ± 0.02 | --- | MS, KI |
| 3 | β-Myrcene | 11.82 | 990 | 991 | 0.54 ± 0.03 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | MS, KI |
| 4 | δ-3-Carene | 12.98 | 1009 | 1010 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | MS, KI |
| 5 | D-Limonene | 13.68 | 1033 | 1031 | 33.96 ± 0.70 | 3.55 ± 0.07 | 27.04 ± 0.52 | --- | 9.10 ± 0.08 | --- | MS, KI |
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | |||||||||||
| 6 | Eucalyptol | 13.91 | 1034 | 1033 | 0.97 ± 0.0 | --- | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 0.68 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 10.89 ± 0.21 | MS, KI |
| 7 | Linalool | 16.75 | 1104 | 1104 | --- | --- | 0.26 ± 0.02 | --- | --- | 0.75 ± 0.02 | MS, KI |
| 8 | α-Terpineol | 21.86 | 1195 | 1197 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | --- | 0.09 ± 0.01 | --- | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 1.29 ± 0.04 | MS, KI |
| 9 | Geraniol formate | 22.65 | 1313 | 1312 | --- | 0.38 ± 0.02 | --- | --- | --- | MS, KI | |
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | |||||||||||
| 10 | α-Copaene | 29.82 | 1376 | 1376 | 0.93 ± 0.03 | 6.71 ± 0.08 | 3.41 ± 0.06 | 0.50 ± 0.03 | 7.00 ± 0.08 | 0.49 ± 0.03 | MS, KI |
| 11 | α-Gurjunene | 30.90 | 1411 | 1409 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.13 ± 0.01 | --- | MS, KI |
| 12 | β-Caryophyllene | 31.91 | 1419 | 1418 | 11.21 ± 0.33 | 43.20 ± 0.24 | 30.33 ± 0.31 | 43.12 ± 0.26 | 38.42 ± 0.34 | 13.40 ± 0.11 | MS, KI |
| 13 | Aromadendrene | 32.74 | 1437 | 1439 | 1.55 ± 0.06 | 1.48 ± 0.04 | 1.55 ± 0.04 | 4.78 ± 0.06 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 1.21 ± 0.02 | MS, KI |
| 14 | cis-Muurola-3,5-diene | 32.97 | 1452 | 1450 | --- | --- | 0.41 ± 0.01 | --- | --- | --- | MS, KI |
| 15 | α-Humulene | 33.55 | 1454 | 1455 | 1.27 ± 0.04 | 4.99 ± 0.07 | 3.56 ± 0.04 | 4.84 ± 0.07 | 4.03 ± 0.05 | 1.96 ± 0.06 | MS, KI |
| 16 | β-Copaene | 34.27 | 1460 | 1460 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.49 ± 0.02 | 0.62 ± 0.02 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 0.50 ± 0.03 | --- | MS, KI |
| 17 | β-Selinene | 34.85 | 1486 | 1485 | --- | --- | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.41 ± 0.01 | --- | 1.31 ± 0.02 | MS, KI |
| 18 | α-Bisabolene | 35.05 | 1503 | 1504 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | --- | --- | 3.27 ± 0.05 | 2.08 ± 0.04 | 2.02 ± 0.05 | MS, KI |
| 19 | β-Bisabolene | 35.34 | 1510 | 1509 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.85 ± 0.02 | 0.72 ± 0.02 | 1.99 ± 0.04 | 1.55 ± 0.06 | 0.59 ± 0.03 | MS, KI |
| 20 | δ-Cadinene | 36.12 | 1513 | 1514 | 0.39 ± 0.03 | 2.19 ± 0.05 | 1.77 ± 0.04 | 0.73 ± 0.01 | 1.40 ± 0.07 | --- | MS, KI |
| 21 | trans-Calamenene | 36.47 | 1520 | 1519 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 1.53 ± 0.04 | 0.70 ± 0.03 | --- | 1.01 ± 0.03 | --- | MS, KI |
| 22 | Junipene | 41.58 | 1553 | 1555 | 2.48 ± 0.05 | 3.50 ± 0.08 | 2.92 ± 0.07 | 1.93 ± 0.03 | 4.58 ± 0.09 | 4.61 ± 0.08 | MS, KI |
| 23 | α-Calacorene | 42.05 | 1565 | 1566 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.23 ± 0.03 | --- | MS, KI |
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | |||||||||||
| 24 | cis-Lanceol | 37.23 | 1527 | 1525 | --- | --- | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.66 ± 0.01 | 0.89 ± 0.03 | MS, KI |
| 25 | Ledol | 37.50 | 1564 | 1565 | 1.23 ± 0.03 | 2.40 ± 0.04 | 2.02 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 1.30 ± 0.03 | 0.64 ± 0.02 | MS, KI |
| 26 | trans-Nerolidol | 37.88 | 1566 | 1564 | 0.53 ± 0.02 | 9.03 ± 0.07 | 8.27 ± 0.10 | 5.81 ± 0.11 | 5.39 ± 0.21 | 10.14 ± 0.13 | MS, KI |
| 27 | Epiglobulol | 38.30 | 1579 | 1580 | 2.31 ± 0.06 | 1.58 ± 0.05 | 1.60 ± 0.05 | 2.47 ± 0.07 | --- | 3.73 ± 0.07 | MS, KI |
| 28 | Spathulenol | 38.66 | 1580 | 1579 | --- | --- | 0.33 ± 0.02 | --- | --- | 0.26 ± 0.01 | MS, KI |
| 29 | Caryophyllene oxide | 38.79 | 1582 | 1583 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | --- | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | --- | 0.66 ± 0.03 | MS, KI |
| 30 | Globulol | 39.32 | 1586 | 1585 | 14.13 ± 0.09 | 10.57 ± 0.07 | 6.17 ± 0.09 | 18.47 ± 0.12 | 10.75 ± 0.08 | 26.42 ± 0.36 | MS, KI |
| 31 | Viridiflorol | 39.74 | 1590 | 1591 | 1.00 ± 0.03 | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 0.77 ± 0.01 | 1.68 ± 0.09 | --- | 1.46 ± 0.03 | MS, KI |
| 32 | Alloaromadendrene oxide-(1) | 39.96 | 1625 | 1625 | 0.73 ± 0.03 | 0.55 ± 0.01 | --- | --- | --- | --- | MS, KI |
| 33 | γ-Eudesmol | 40.21 | 1628 | 1626 | --- | --- | --- | 0.49 ± 0.01 | 1.07 ± 0.01 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | MS, KI |
| 34 | tau-Muurolol | 40.45 | 1644 | 1642 | 1.09 ± 0.05 | 1.72 ± 0.03 | 0.96 ± 0.03 | 0.69 ± 0.03 | 1.69 ± 0.03 | --- | MS, KI |
| 35 | Cubenol | 40.98 | 1645 | 1644 | 2.56 ± 0.06 | 3.96 ± 0.06 | 1.99 ± 0.05 | 2.31 ± 0.05 | 2.98 ± 0.06 | 2.26 ± 0.04 | MS, KI |
| 36 | δ-Cadinol | 41.87 | 1646 | 1647 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 0.73 ± 0.02 | 1.99 ± 0.03 | 1.98 ± 0.06 | 0.80 ± 0.03 | 1.65 ± 0.06 | MS, KI |
| 37 | α-Acorenol | 42.01 | 1655 | 1656 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.47 ± 0.01 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 1.13 ± 0.08 | 1.47 ± 0.02 | 1.67 ± 0.03 | MS, KI |
| 38 | Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol | 42.22 | 1689 | 1688 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 10.59 ± 0.21 | MS, KI |
| Total | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.96 | 99.98 | 99.28 | 99.79 | |||||
* The values represent means of the concentration (%) ± SD. RM: Red Malaysian, EQ: El-Qanater, WI: White Indian, E: Early, ESEG: El-Sabahya El-Gedida, RI: Red Indian. Rt: Retention time; KILit: Kovats retention index on a DB-5 column in reference to n-alkanes; KIExp: Experimental Kovats retention index. The identification of EO components was established on the mass spectral data (MS) and Kovats indices (RI) with those of Wiley spectral library collection and NIST library databases.