Table 4.

Hazard ratios of risk of death among dialysis patients with RCT and without RCT.

All-Cause Death	Non-RCT	RCT	95% CI	p
Crude HR	1	0.59	0.44–0.79	<0.001 *
Adjusted HR a	1	0.65	0.48–0.83	<0.001 *
Adjusted HR b	1	0.69	0.51–0.90	0.001 *

* p < 0.05. HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; Both crude and adjusted HRs were calculated by Cox proportional hazard regressions. ^a Adjustments were made for demographic variables (age, sex, monthly income, and dialysis style); ^b Adjustments were made for demographic variables and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, gout, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accident, peripheral arterial disease, chronic lung disease, chronic liver disease, malignancy, and retinopathy).