Input values: $U$: the set of users; $P_u$: the set of evacuation path selected by user $u\in U$; L: the set of possible links on the planar graph; E: the set of emergency exit nodes on the planar graph; M: the upper limit of human temperature tenability (e.g., 100 °C); $a_l$: the link cost on link $l\in L$; ${\tau }_l$: the temperature on link $l\in L$; ${\delta }_{pl}$: the indication function, ${\delta }_{pl}$ = 1 when the link l is on the evacuation path p; ${\delta }_{pl}$ = 0, otherwise; ${\zeta }_{pe}$: the indication function, ${\zeta }_{pe}$ = 1 when the node e is on the evacuation path p; ${\zeta }_{pe}$ = 0, otherwise; Decision variables: $x_p$: =1 if evacuation path p is selected where $p\in P_u,u\in U$; =0, otherwise; $y_l$: =1 if link l is on the selected evacuation path where $l\in L$; =0, otherwise.