Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Characteristics of the biomarkers employed for monitoring exposure to fluorides.
| Biomarker | Type | Obtaining Method | Storage and Processing | Type of Measured Exposure | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recent | Contemporary | Historical | Noninvasive | Invasive | Simple | Complex | Immediate/ Acute |
Chronic/ Sub-chronic |
|
| Nails | X | X | X | X | |||||
| Hair | X | X | X | X | |||||
| Plasma | X | X | X | X | |||||
| Saliva | X | X | X | X | |||||
| Urine | X | X | X | X | |||||
| Teeth | X | X | X | X | |||||
| Bone | X | X | X | X | |||||
