Table 1.
Summary of selected works.
| Reference | Data | #Classes: Classes | Best Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forkheim et al. [37] | Participants: NA; Recordings: NA; Source: Private | 2: Wheezes and Normal | Accuracy: 96% |
| Riella et al. [38] | Participants: NA; Recordings: 28 Source R.A.L.E. | 2: Wheezes and Normal | Accuracy: 85%; Sensitivity: 86%; Specificity: 82% |
| Mendes et al. [39] | Participants: 12; Recordings: 24; Source Private | 2: Wheezes and Normal | Accuracy: 98%; Sensitivity: 91%; Specificity: 99%; MCC: 93% |
| Pinho et al. [29] | Participants: 10; Recordings: 24; Source: Private | 1: Crackles | Precision: 95%; Sensitivity: 89%; F1: 92% |
| Chamberlain et al. [32] | Participants: 284; Recordings: 500; Source: Private | 3: Wheezes, Crackles, and Normal | Wheeze AUC: 86%; Crackle AUC: 73% |
| Lozano et al. [31] | Participants: 30; Recordings: 870; Source: Private | 2: Wheezes and Normal | Accuracy: 94%; Precision: 95%; Sensitivity: 94%; Specificity: 94% |
| Gronnesby et al. [40] | Participants: NA; Recordings: 383; Source: Private | 2: Crackles and Normal | Precision: 86% Sensitivity: 84% F1: 84% |
| Aykanat et al. [33] | Participants: 1630; Recordings: 17930; Source: Private | 2: Healthy and Pathological | Accuracy: 86%; Precision: 86%; Sensitivity: 86%; Specificity: 86% |
| Bardou et al. [34] | Participants: 15; Recordings: 15; Source: R.A.L.E. | 7, including Wheezes, Crackles, and Normal | Accuracy: 96%; Wheeze Precision: 98%; Wheeze Sensitivity: 100% |
| Serbes et al. [41] | Participants: 126; Recordings: 920; Source: RSD | 3: Wheezes, Crackles, and Normal | Wheeze Sensitivity: 79%; Crackle Sensitivity: 95%; Normal Sensitivity: 91% |
| Jakovljevic et al. [42] | Participants: 126; Recordings: 920; Source: RSD | 3: Wheezes, Crackles, and Normal | Wheeze Sensitivity: 52%; Crackle Sensitivity: 56%; Normal Sensitivity: 52% |
| Chen et al. [43] | Participants: NA; Recordings: 240; Source: R.A.L.E. and RSD | 2: Wheezes and Normal | Accuracy: 99%; Sensitivity: 96%; Specificity: 99% |
AUC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; F1: F1-score; MCC: the Matthews correlation coefficient; NA: not available; RSD: Respiratory Sound Database.