Table 1.

Possible influence of clinical management in the reduction of factors related to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)-related fibrosis. RAS, renin-angiotensin system; CKD-MBD, chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders; PTH, parathyroid hormone; P, phosphate; Ca, calcium; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; AGES, advanced glycation end products.

Clinical Management (Actions)	Main Possible Benefits
Reduction of the RAS activation	Better control of extracellular volume Reduction of blood pressure/inflammation Prevention/Reduction of renal/cardiac fibrosis Association with better outcomes (morbidity/mortality)
Adequate control of the CKD-MBD biochemical parameters (PTH, P, Ca)	Reduction of FGF23 Prevention/Reduction of renal/cardiac fibrosis Association with better outcomes (morbidity/mortality)
Adequate control of the glycemia and metabolic parameters of diabetes	Reduction of AGES Reduction of oxidative stress Improvement of lipid profile Improvement of insulin resistance Improvement of cardiac remodelling Reduction of glomerular hyperfiltration Prevention/Reduction of renal/cardiac fibrosis Association with better outcomes (morbidity/mortality)
Normalization of the vitamin D hormonal system (Normalization of 25(OH)D3 serum levels)	Improvement of CKD-MBD parameters Reduction of renal and vascular inflammation Downregulation of RAS and upregulation of Klotho Reduction of glomerulotubular damage and proteinuria Improvement of glucose metabolism Prevention/reduction of renal/cardiac fibrosis Association with better outcomes (morbidity/mortality)