Table 1.

Comparison between system performances of imaging technologies used in endoscopes.

	Pixel Density (Pixels/mm2)	Image Resolution (Pixels)	Pixel Size	Advantages	Disadvantages
CFB	113 k	30.0 k/64.0 k	2 µm Ø	Small form factor, low cost	Cross-coupling and honeycomb effect degrade image resolution Aging effect results in non-working pixels due to fractured fibers within the bundle
CCD	238 k	95.0 k	0.5 µm × 0.5 µm	Small pixel size, low cost, no aging effect	Rectangular geometry limits the usable area, low dynamic range, poor light collection in low illumination area
CMOS	476 k	190 k	1.45 µm × 1.45 µm	Higher image resolution, low cost	Rectangular geometry limits the usable area, poor resolution in devices with diameter < 1 mm
SFE	345 k	282 k	Dependent on scanning pattern and sampling rate	Higher sampling rate and resolution in sub-millimeter-sized devices	Performance dependent on actuation method and sampling rate. Spatial point spread dependent on objective lens at the tip and illumination properties.