Table 2.

Research question 2 (RQ2) about interactions, type of study, and outcomes.

Authors	Goals	Keywords	Type of Study	Main Outcomes
Middle week (2020) [21]	To determine the primary function of a sex doll forum for its users and perceptions of sex robot technology	Hegemonic masculinity, homosociality, human–robot relationships, intimacy sex dolls, sex robots	Qualitative analysis study of a major sex doll forum	Peer bonding was the primary factor driving member interaction. Complex and dynamic homosocial relations characterized men’s online interaction.
Döring et al. (2018) [22]	To review the state of technological development and research regarding sex toys, sex dolls, and sex robots marketed on the Internet	Sex toys, sex dolls, sex robots, sexual products, positive sexuality, sexual pleasure	Review	Positive impact was found in terms of sex education, sexual therapy, sexual counseling, and sexual well-being for interested target groups (people with disabilities, seniors).
James (2017) [23]	To analyze narratives on the sex between anabots and humans	Dystopia	Movie review	The creation of sexual desire as well as the nature of objectification was found.
Burr-Miller (2013) [24]	To study how men have a relationship with real dolls	Heteronormativity, gender performativity, sexuality, iDollators, Guys and Dolls	Essay	Men’s violations of the charmed circle are framed in the documentary due to unrequited heterosexual desires.
Gomes and Wu (2018) [25]	Design a sex toy for people with disabilities and people in long-distance relationships	Brain-computer interface, sex toys, long-distance relationships	Product design	The Neurodildo, a sex toy remotely controlled by brain waves, which is pressure sensitive and has electrical stimulation (e-stim) feedback, was presented.
McArthur and Twist (2017) [26]	To create a design framework for digisexuality	Digisexuality, sexbot, robot, virtual reality, sex therapy	Essay	A framework for understanding the nature of digisexuality and how to approach it is imperative.
Tay et al. (2016) [27]	To study humor as an element of interaction between robots and humans	Social robots, humor, social attraction, facial expression	Experimental study	Humor can be an effective way to enrich interactions between humans and robots, but the acceptable types of humor should be carefully selected.
Harper and Lievesley (2020) [28]	To examine the veracity of the existing psychological, sexological, and legal literature concerning doll ownership	Sex dolls, sexuality, sex robots, sex offending, sexual abuse prevention	Literature review	There is a lack of analyses of the psychological characteristics or behaviors of sex doll owners. No standardized measure of attitudes towards sex dolls and robots exists. It was found that 70% of owners used the robot as a sexual companion, while 30% used it for social companionship/friendship.
Eichenberg, Khamis, and Hübner (2019) [29]	To measure attitudes of sex therapists and physicians toward the therapeutic uses of sex robots	Robotics, sexual health, therapy	Quantitative online survey and a qualitative interview study	Therapists and physicians could recommend sex robots in therapy. Heterogeneous attitudes were found. Psychologists were more critical toward the therapeutic use of sex robots. Patients with social anxiety can benefit from using sex robots.
Su et al. (2019) [30]	To examine how people in the future might relate to robots and similar technologies and agents	Sexuality, intimacy, wellness, care, embodiment, robots, online forums	Qualitative analysis of forums	Sex dolls are used for more than just sex. Fiction and intimate fantasies are more persuasive if they are customizable (sexual robots).
Langcaster-James and Bentley (2018) [31]	To explore motivations and experiences of those who purchase and use sex dolls	Sex doll, sex robots, companionship, posthuman kinship, allodoll	Mixed methods	Some doll owners appeared to establish a rich fantasy life, generating characters and personalities for their dolls and considering what they might think or say.
Döring and Poeschl (2019) [32]	To analyze media representations of intimate human–robot relationships	Human–robot relationships, sex robots, media representation, sexual script theory, gender roles, media content analysis	Content analysis	Media often portray the involved robot partner as a humanoid female sex robot. Nonfictional media describe intimate human–robot relationships more often in sexual terms; fictional media focus more on emotional aspects.