Table 1.
Bacterial species associated with enhancement of immunotherapy in solid tumors.
| Tumor | Beneficial Microbiota | Immune Response | Immunotherapy | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melanoma | Bifidobacterium spp. | Increase of dendritic cells function and enhancement of CD8+ T cells priming | anti-PD-L1 | [7] |
| NSCLC, Renal cell or urothelial carcinoma | A. muciniphila | CD4+, CD8+ T cells memory towards A. mucinipilla | anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 | [8] |
| Melanoma | F. prausnitzii, B. thetaiotamicron, H. filiformis and B. caccae | CD8+ T cells | anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 or combination | [9] |
| Melanoma | F. prausnitzii, R. bromii, P. pasteri, C. hungati and P. faecium | Increased antigen presentation, elevation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | anti-PD-1 | [10] |
| Melanoma | F. prausnitzii L2-6, G. formicilitis ATCC27749, butyrate- producing bacteria SS2-1, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridium XIVa and Blautia spp. | Low Tregs in peripheral blood, increase in CD4+ cells and serum CD25 | anti-CTLA-4 | [12] |
| Melanoma | Bacteroides spp. | Activation of Th cells, mobilization of CD11b+ DC to lamina propria | anti-CTLA-4 | [26] |