Table 2.
Changes in main outcomes at admission, discharge, and long-term follow-up.
| Admission | Discharge | Long-Term Follow-Up | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NRS score for back pain | |||
| Outcome | 5.73 (5.58, 5.87) | 3.66 (3.51, 3.82) | 3.53 (3.35, 3.70) |
| Change from admission | −2.06 (−2.23, −1.9) | −2.20 (−2.41, −1.99) | |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| NRS score for leg pain | |||
| Outcome | 4.78 (4.53, 5.04) | 3.33 (3.14, 3.51) | 2.51 (2.30, 2.72) |
| Change from admission | −1.46 (−1.69, −1.22) | −2.28 (−2.59, −1.96) | |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| ODI | |||
| Outcome | 45.72 (43.91, 47.52) | 33.94 (32.15, 35.73) | 28.41 (26.46, 30.36) |
| Change from admission | −11.78 (−13.49, −10.07) | −17.31 (−19.6, −15.02) | |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Walking time (min) | |||
| Outcome | 20.72 (17.63, 23.81) | 49.55 (46.12, 52.98) | |
| Change from admission | 28.83 (24.65, 33.01) | ||
| p-value | <0.001 | ||
| EQ-5D-5L | |||
| Outcome | 0.58 (0.55, 0.60) | 0.66 (0.63, 0.68) | 0.80 (0.79, 0.81) |
| Change from admission | 0.08 (0.05, 0.11) | 0.22 (0.19, 0.25) | |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Notes: Missing values were imputed using multiple imputation. All values are presented as mean with 95% confidence interval. Linear mixed models were used to compute outcome changes and p-values. Abbreviations: NRS, numeric rating scale; ODI, Oswestry disability indes; EQ-5D-5, Five-Level EuroQol 5-dimension.