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. 2020 Dec 24;22(1):125. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010125

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Interaction between host genetic, the gut microbiome in individuals with T1D. T1D is well known to be associated with microbial dysbiosis, a leaky gut, and intestinal inflammation. Changes in the gut microbial composition can enhance different pathological mechanisms in which each microbiome shows a different role, affecting the expression of the pancreatic exocrine enzymes such as α-amylase2 (AMY2A and AMY2B) genes as well as the thiamine metabolism genes known to be involved in T1D. The figure was created using BioRender.com and Science slides software.