T1D	Type 1 diabetes
MHC-II	Major histocompatibility class II
SCFA	Short-chain fatty acid
Treg	T regulatory cells
TCR	T cell antigen receptor
IGRP-reactive CD8+ T cells	Islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit–related protein (IGRP) reactive CD8 T cell
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
IAA	Insulin autoantibody
GADA	Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody
FOXP3	Forkhead box P3
HDACi	Histone deactylase inhibitor
HMGB1	High-mobility group protein 1
NF-κB p65	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
mTOR complex	Mammalian target of rapamycin complex
HATs	Histone acetyltransferases
PSA	Polysaccharide A
TEDDY	The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young
Rorc	RAR-related orphan receptor C gene
Stat3 transcription factor	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TGF-β gene	Transforming growth factor β gene
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor β
ATRA	Alltrans retinoic acid
INS	Insulin gene 3
PTPN-22	Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 gene
CTLA4	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 gene
IL2RA	Interleukin 2 receptor alpha
IFIH1	Interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1
CDHR5	Cadherin-related family member 5
CDH1	Cadherin-1
FCGBP	IgGFc-binding protein
CEACAM5	Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5
MUC2	Mucin-2
MGAM	Maltase-glucoamylase
NAALADL1	N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase like 1
PXK	PX domain-containing protein kinase-like protein
PDHB	Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 Subunit Beta
PPIL2	Peptidylprolyl Isomerase Like 2