Table 5.
Summary of Findings–Demographics.
| Meta-analysis | |||||||
| Prognostic factor | OR (95% CI) | Overall quality | |||||
| Hispanic race | 0.92 (0.68–1.25) | 5 (+++) | |||||
| Narrative Synthesis | |||||||
| Prognostic factor | Univariate | Multivariate | Overall quality | ||||
| + | 0 | - | + | 0 | - | ||
| Age (continuous variable) | |||||||
| Age | 3 | 1 | - | 4 | 3 | - | 5 (+++) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female sex | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 4 | 5 (+++) |
| Male sex | 2 | 2 | - | 8 | - | - | 6 (++++) |
| Race | |||||||
| Black (reference = white or non-Black) | 1 | 1 | - | 4 | 3 | - | 4 (+++) |
| Hispanic (reference = white or non-Hispanic) | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 (+) |
| Asian (reference = white) | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | 2 | 4 (+++) |
| Native Hawaiian (reference = white) | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 3 (++) |
| American Indian (reference = white) | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | 4 (+++) |
| White | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 (+) |
| Indian (reference = Chinese) | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 2 (+) |
| Malay (reference = Chinese) | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 2 (+) |
| Biracial (Workman) or mixed race (Ali) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 5 (+++) |
| Minority ethnicity | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 (+) |
| Other (Tang = Chinese; otherwise = white) | - | 1 | - | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 (++) |
| Missing | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 3 | 3 (++) |
| Race (combined analysis – i.e., racial difference exists between readmitted and non-readmitted cohorts) | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 4 (+++) |
| Socioeconomic | |||||||
| Decreasing incoming | - | - | - | 3 | 1 | - | 5 (+++) |
| Low socioeconomic status | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 4 (+++) |
| Insurance status | |||||||
| Medicare (reference category = private insurance or non-Medicare) | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | 4 (+++) |
| Medicaid (reference category = private insurance) | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | 3 (++) |
| Self-pay, no charge, workers’ compensation, or other (reference category = private insurance) | - | - | - | - | 2 | 3 | 2 (+) |
| Disability entitlement | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 3 (++) |
| Functional status, living situation, and frailty | |||||||
| Dependent functional status | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 4 (+++) |
| Use of walking aids | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 4 (+++) |
| Living alone | - | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | 5 (+++) |
| Living in an institution or nursing home | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 3 (++) |
| Homeless | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 (+) |
| Frailty (Modified Frailty Index) | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 5 (+++) |
Overall quality: + very low quality = very little confidence in the effect estimate: true effect likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect; ++ low quality = confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the study; +++ moderate quality = moderately confident in the effect estimate: true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different; ++++ high quality = very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect.