Table 1.

Demographic and characteristics of participating students in the survey.

Participant Characteristics	Male (n = 4752)		Female (n = 2221)		Total (n = 6973)
	Mean or n	SD or %	Mean or n	SD or %	Mean or n	SD or %	p
Age (years)	19.0	0.7	19.0	0.7	19.0	0.7	0.31
Nationality
Han Chinese	4315	90.8%	1930	86.9%	6245	89.6%	<0.001
Others	437	9.2%	291	13.1%	728	10.4%
Tobacco use
Never	4624	97.3%	2196	98.9%	6820	97.8%	<0.001
Rarely	95	2.0%	19	0.8%	114	1.6%
Always	33	0.7%	6	0.3%	39	0.6%
Alcohol use
Never	2537	53.4%	1527	68.8%	4064	58.3%	<0.001
Rarely	2162	45.5%	676	30.4%	2838	40.7%
Always	53	1.1%	18	0.8%	71	1.0%
Physical activity
Total MET-minutes/week	3049.1	1908.8	2553.7	1667.2	2891.3	1849.6	<0.001
Perceived stress
PSS-10 (scores)	17.5	6.8	19.3	7.1	18.1	6.9	<0.001
Sleep quality
PSQI (scores)	4.7	2.6	5.2	2.8	4.8	2.7	<0.001

Note: SD, standard deviation; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.