| ALP | Alkaline phosphatase |
| BMPs | Bone morphogenetic proteins |
| BOLCs | Breast Osteoblast-Like Cells |
| CO | Calcium oxalate |
| CT | Computed tomography |
| EDX | Energy dispersive X-ray analysis |
| EMT | Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| ER | Estrogen receptor |
| HOXA9 | Homeobox A9 |
| HA | Hydroxyapatite |
| HER2 | Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 |
| LCIS | Lobular carcinoma in situ |
| Mg-HAp | Magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite |
| micro-FTIR | Micro-Fourier transform infrared |
| OPN | Osteopontin |
| PTC | Papillary thyroid carcinoma |
| PTX3 | Pentraxin-related protein 3 |
| POLCs | Prostate osteoblast-like cells |
| PBs | Psammoma bodies |
| RANKL | Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand |
| RUNX2 | Runt-related transcription factor 2 |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscope |
| TRPM7 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M |
| US | Ultrasonography |
| VSMCs | Vascular smooth muscle cells |
| VOLCs | Vascular osteoblast-like cells |