Figure 1.
Effects of heat stress on plant physiological responses. Upward-pointing arrows indicate activated/upregulated physiological indices. Downward-pointing arrows indicate deactivated/downregulated physiological indices. Abbreviations: HS, heat stress; PSII, photosystem II; Rubisco, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; ROS, reactive oxygen species.