Expression of LAG-3 and its ligands in the TME. (A) Binding partners reported to associate with LAG-3 are stable pMHC-II complexes, Gal-3, LSECtin and FGL-1. These LAG-3 ligands are expressed on APCs, tumor cells and tumor-associated stromal cells. (B) Expression of LAG-3 on different immune cells and its influence on their effector functions. (C) sLAG-3 inhibiting the differentiation of monocytes towards macrophages or DCs. Abbreviations: APC, antigen-presenting cell; FGL-1, fibrinogen-like protein 1; Gal-3, Galectin-3; LSECtin, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell lectin; NK, natural killer; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell; pMHC-II, peptide major histocompatibility complex class II; sLAG-3, soluble LAG-3; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; TME, tumor microenvironment; Treg, regulatory T cell.