Figure 2.

Comparison of IHC with molecular imaging for the detection of immune checkpoints. (A) Illustration of lung cancer that has metastasized to other regions. (B) Schematic representation of acquiring a biopsy of a tumor lesion and evaluation of biomarker expression using IHC. (C) Clinical example of PD-1/PD-L1 detection using IHC on a biopsy of NSCLC patient (adapted form Niemeijer et al. 2018 [91]). (D) Schematic representation of the intravenous injection of radiolabeled targeting moieties and the medical imaging devices used to visualize the tracer throughout the patient’s body. (E) Clinical example of PD-1 detection using molecular imaging in a NSCLC patient with radiolabeled antibody Nivolumab (adapted form Niemeijer et al. 2018 [91]). Abbreviations: IHC, immunohistochemistry; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PD-1, programmed death-1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; ⁸⁹Zr, Zirconium⁸⁹; PET, positron emission tomography.