Figure 2.

Proposed mechanisms of action of TRC105. TRC105 exerts its actions through different mechanisms. Firstly, binding to endoglin induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by NK cells, neutrophils and monocytes, resulting in target cell killing. Secondly, TRC105 prevents BMP-9 binding to endoglin, thereby inhibiting receptor complex formation and endoglin-mediated downstream signaling. Lastly, MMP-14-mediated endoglin shedding is induced upon TRC105 binding, generating soluble endoglin (sEng) which can function as a ligand trap and thus reduces endoglin signaling.