Table 2.
Association of clinical characteristic and air pollutants with total MMSE scores using univariable linear regression analysis.
| Characteristics | Univariable | |
|---|---|---|
| Unstandardized Coefficient β (95% CI) | p | |
| Age (per 1 year) | −0.006 (−0.011, −0.002) | 0.009 |
| Male gender (vs. female) | 0.534 (0.194, 0.874) | 0.002 |
| Smoking history | 0.340 (−0.055, 0.735) | 0.092 |
| Alcohol history | 0.355 (−0.381, 1.092) | 0.344 |
| DM | −0.359 (−0.895, 0.176) | 0.188 |
| Hypertension | −0.104 (−0.502, 0.295) | 0.610 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.137 (−1.473, 1.746) | 0.868 |
| Education (per 1 years) | 0.950 (0.825, 1.075) | <0.001 |
| Living alone | −0.012 (−0.058, 0.034) | 0.619 |
| Having job | −0.325 (−0.716, 0.067) | 0.104 |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | −0.092 (−0.148, −0.037) | 0.001 |
| SBP (per 1 mmHg) | −0.003 (−0.013, 0.007) | 0.547 |
| DBP (per 1 mmHg) | 0.011 (−0.005, 0.027) | 0.192 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||
| Fasting glucose (per 1 mg/dL) | −0.007 (−0.015, 0.001) | 0.069 |
| Triglyceride (log per 1 mg/dL) | −0.539 (−1.354, 0.276) | 0.195 |
| Total cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL) | 0.002 (−0.002, 0.007) | 0.352 |
| Hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL) | 0.069 (−0.054, 0.193) | 0.272 |
| eGFR (per 1 mL/min/1.73 m2) | −0.004 (−0.010, 0.002) | 0.171 |
| Uric acid (per 1 mg/dL) | −0.025 (−0.147, 0.097) | 0.688 |
| Air pollutants | ||
| PM2.5 (per 1 μg/m3) | −0.010 (−0.025, 0.005) | 0.182 |
| PM10 (per 1 μg/m3) | −0.004 (−0.013, 0.004) | 0.328 |
| O3 (per 1 ppb) | 0.047 (0.005, 0.089) | 0.029 |
| CO (per 1 ppm) | −0.380 (−1.222, 0.462) | 0.376 |
| SO2 (per 1 ppb) | −0.145 (−0.270, −0.021) | 0.022 |
| NO (per 1 ppb) | −0.016 (−0.055, 0.023) | 0.426 |
| NO2 (per 1 ppb) | −0.023 (−0.048, 0.003) | 0.080 |
| NOx (per 1 ppb) | −0.013 (−0.029, 0.004) | 0.135 |
Values expressed as unstandardized coefficient β and 95% confidence interval (CI). Abbreviations are the same as in Table 1.