Table 1.

Segment definitions used in the reviewed literature.

Segment	Definition
Start	From the start signal until the swimmer’s head reaches the first 15 m point [3,4,6,7,13,16,17,27] From the start signal until the swimmer’s head reaches the first 10 m point [15,23] From the start signal until the swimmer’s head breaks the water surface after the underwater locomotion [7,18,19,20,21] From the start signal until the swimmer completes the first arm cycle after the breakout [25] Unclear [11]
(16 articles)
Turn	15 m around (7.5 m before and after) the turn [7,13,14,15,16,17,23] From the last hand entry before the turn to the head breakout after the underwater locomotion [7,8,18,20,22] From the last head surfacing before the turn to the head breakout after the underwater locomotion (breaststroke) [20] From 5 m before the wall until the swimmer’s head reaches the 15 m point after the turn [3,6,12] From 5 m before the wall until the swimmer’s head reaches the 10 m point after the turn [4,27] From the wall contact to the head breakout after the underwater locomotion [19,21,24] From the last hand entry before the turn (front crawl only) or wall contact (the other three strokes) until the swimmer completes the first arm cycle [26] Unclear [11]
(21 articles)
Finish	Last 10 m of the race [15] Last 7.5 m of the race [23] Last 5 m of the race [4,6,13,16,17] Unclear [11]
(8 articles)
Clean swimming	The rest of the race [4,7,8,13,15,16,17,18,21,22,23,24,27] From 15 m to 35 m in each lap [12] Unclear [11]
(15 articles)