Table 1.
Key characteristics of the included studies.
| Author, Year (Reference) | Country | Setting | Design | Scenario | Data Collection Methods | Response (%) | Participants, n | Female Sex, % | Condition | EoL Care Preferences Under Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agard, 2000 [26] | Sweden | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, mixed methods | R | Interview Semi-structured interview |
87 | 40 | 38 | CHF (NYHA II-IV) + CM | CPR, SDM |
| Carlucci, 2016 [27] | Italy | Inpatient | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | H | Semi-structured interview | 47 | 43 | 16 | COPD (very severe) + CM | ETI, NIV, palliation of symptoms |
| Chan, 2007 [28] | China | Outpatient (nursing home) | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | H | Questionnaire | 86 | 287 | 78 | MM (frail and non-frail) | LST, SDM |
| Chan, 2010 [29] * | China | Outpatient (nursing home) | Interventional | H | Questionnaire | 93 | 121 (IG 59; CG 62) | 69 | MM (frail) | LST |
| Etkind, 2020 [30] | United Kingdom | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, mixed methods | R | Questionnaire | 43 | 82 | 63 | MM (frail) | Quantity versus quality of life |
| Fuseya, 2019 [31] | Japan | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | R | Questionnaire | 71 | 160 | 7 | COPD (severe) + CM | CPR, MV, SDM |
| Houben, 2016 [32] # | The Netherlands | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, quantitative longitudinal | R & H | Questionnaire (WALT) (47) | 78 | 206 | 36 | CHF (NYHA III-IV), COPD (GOLD III-IV), or ESRD + CM | CPR, MV |
| Janssen, 2011 [33] | The Netherlands | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | R & H | Semi-structured interview Questionnaire (WALT) (47) |
54 | 185 | 36 | CHF (NYHA III-IV), COPD (GOLD III-IV) + CM | CPR, MV, place for EoL care |
| Janssen, 2012 [34] # | The Netherlands | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, quantitative longitudinal | R | Semi-structured interview | 59 | 206 | 36 | CHF (NYHA III-IV), COPD (GOLD III-IV), or ESRD + CM | CPR, MV |
| Janssen, 2013a [35] # | The Netherlands | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, quantitative longitudinal | R | Semi-structured interview | 59 | 206 | 36 | CHF (NYHA III-IV), COPD (GOLD III-IV), or ESRD + CM | Place for EoL care |
| Janssen, 2013b [36] | The Netherlands | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | R & H | Questionnaire (WALT) (47) | 73 | 80 | 40 | ESRD + CM | CPR, MV, place for EoL care |
| Jerpseth, 2018 [37] | Norway | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, qualitative cross-sectional | R | Interview | 100 | 12 | 58 | COPD (GOLD III-IV) + CM | MV, NIV, SDM |
| Lee, 1992 [38] | USA | Inpatient | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | R & H | Questionnaire | 71 | 100 (50 depressed & 50 non-depressed) | 5 | MM (life expectancy over 6 months) | Blood transfusion, CPR, feeding tube, intravenous fluids with medication, MV, place for EoL care |
| Menon, 2000 [39] | USA | Inpatient | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | R & H | Questionnaire (Treatment Preferences Questionnaire) [38] | 71 | 295 (236 no depression, 59 major depression) | 0 | MM | LST (blood transfusion or CPR or feeding tube or intravenous fluids with medication or MV) |
| Modes, 2019 [40] | USA | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | R & H | Questionnaire | 58 | 535 | 47 | MM (Median survival approx. 2 years, 18% cancer) | CPR, palliation of symptoms |
| Naik, 2016 [41] | USA | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, qualitative cross-sectional | H | Interview | 86 | 146 | 2 | Advanced cancer + CM | SDM |
| Nath, 2008 [42] | USA | Outpatient (community) |
Observational, mixed methods | R | Semi-structured interview & Chart review | 90 | 18 | 89 | MM (frail) | CPR, feeding tube, MV, SDM |
| Ni, 2020 [43] | China | Outpatient (nursing home) | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | H | Questionnaire | 100 | 682 | 61 | MM (frail) | Feeding tube |
| Panocchia, 2017 [44] | Italy | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | H | Questionnaire | 62 | 34 | 44 | ESRD + CM | Dialysis withdrawal, LST (MV or PEG), SDM |
| Parr, 2010 [45] | USA | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | R | Semi-structured interview | 100 | 126 ° | 41 | MM (life expectancy less than 6 months) | LST, MV, place for EoL care |
| Strachan, 2011 [46] | Canada | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, qualitative cross-sectional | R | Interview | 100 | 30 | 20 | CVD + CM | ICD Quantity versus quality of life, SDM |
| Tamura, 2010 [47] | USA | Outpatient (specialized) | Observational, quantitative cross-sectional | R & H | Questionnaire (Dialysis Living Will) & Chart review | 98 | 61 | 26 | ESRD + CM | CPR, Dialysis withdrawal |
CG = Control Group; CHF = Chronic Heart Failure; CM = Comorbidities; COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; CVD = Cardiovascular Disease; ETI = Endotracheal intubation; ESRD = End Stage Renal Disease; H = Hypothetical; ICD = Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator; IG = Intervention Group; LST = Life-Sustaining Treatment; MM = Multimorbidity; MV = Mechanical Ventilation; NIV = ‘ceiling’ non-invasive ventilation; n = number; nr = not reported; PEG = Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy; R = Real; SDM = Shared Decision-Making; WALT = Willingness to Accept Life-Sustaining Treatments. * The intervention was a Let Me Talk Advance Care Planning Program (storytelling approach). # Same population. ° Only “Older aged”, defined as 65 years or older, are included.